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Assessment of gut barrier function and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Gut barrier function was analyzed by the validated biomarkers fecal zonulin (A), and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (B). The SCFA butyric acid (C), iso-butyric acid (D), acetic acid (E), and propionic acid (F) were measured in feces before (“pre”) and after (“post”) intervention. Means ± SEM from 22 (PT, FO), or 9 (Fish) participants are shown. Abbreviations: see Figure 1.
