. 2021 Dec 12;22(24):13349. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413349

Table 3.

The flourescence parameters showing phenomenological energy fluxes per cross-section approximated by maximal fluorescence Fm (CSm) and specific membrane model per a single reaction center (RC) in the cotyledonary leaves of R. communis for 4 day of exposure to CuSO₄ (80 and 160 µM) and cytokinin (KIN and BAP) treatments in Hoagland’s nutrient medium. ABS/CSm & ABS/RC—absorption flux, TRo/CSm & TRo/RC—trapped energy flux, ETo/CSm & ETo/RC—electron transport flux and DIo/CSm & DIo/RC—dissipated energy flux. Values are the mean ± SE of three independent experiments. Different alphabetical letters indicate significant differences between treatments according to one-way ANOVA (Duncan’s test p ≤ 0.05).

Treatments	ABS/CSm	TRo/CSm	ETo/CSm	DIo/CSm	ABS/RC	TRo/RC	ETo/RC	DIo/RC
Control	2525.333 ± 36.448 ^ab	2102.333 ± 29.237 ^a	1020.667 ± 23.355 ^a	423.0 ± 14.572 ^d	2.338 ± 0.082 ^b	1.946 ± 0.063 ^d	0.944 ± 0.014 ^a	0.392 ± 0.021 ^b
80 μM CuSO₄	1869.667 ± 233.326 ^c	1251.333 ± 273.866 ^c	334.333 ± 121.436 ^c	618.333 ± 41.882 ^ab	4.286 ± 0.569 ^b	2.707 ± 0.069 ^a	0.658 ± 0.140 ^b	1.579 ± 0.552 ^b
160 μM CuSO₄	748.0 ± 160.706 ^d	158.667 ± 71.966 ^d	5.0 ± 4.0 ^d	589.333 ± 91.758 ^abc	19.089 ± 6.566 ^a	2.872 ± 0.097 ^a	0.070 ± 0.029 ^c	16.217 ± 6.511 ^a
KIN	2633.667 ± 52.616 ^a	2147.667 ± 44.946 ^a	973.333 ± 26.187 ^a	486.0 ± 10.599 ^bcd	2.586 ± 0.068 ^b	2.109 ± 0.051 ^cd	0.955 ± 0.017 ^a	0.477 ± 0.018 ^b
80 μM CuSO₄ + KIN	2194.667 ± 76.667 ^bc	1691.333 ± 70.333 ^b	600.0 ± 18.0 ^b	503.333 ± 6.333 ^bcd	2.880 ± 0.033 ^b	2.219 ± 0.011 ^c	0.788 ± 0.013 ^ab	0.662 ± 0.022 ^b
160 μM CuSO₄ + KIN	1027.0 ± 129.418 ^d	373.0 ± 115.754 ^d	29.0 ± 14.422 ^d	654.0 ± 67.023 ^a	8.438 ± 1.556 ^b	2.702 ± 0.084 ^a	0.186 ± 0.041 ^c	5.736 ± 1.579 ^b
BAP	2673.667 ± 13.220 ^a	2184.667 ± 15.857 ^a	995.667 ± 61.974 ^a	489.0 ± 7.638 ^bcd	2.482 ± 0.036 ^b	2.028 ± 0.026 ^cd	0.922 ± 0.041 ^a	0.454 ± 0.013 ^b
80 μM CuSO₄ + BAP	2679.333 ± 46.998 ^a	2211.333 ± 28.386 ^a	1027.333 ± 12.333 ^a	468.0 ± 18.717 ^cd	2.515 ± 0.054 ^b	2.076 ± 0.037 ^cd	0.964 ± 0.014 ^a	0.439 ± 0.019 ^b
160 μM CuSO₄ + BAP	2458.0 ± 75.020 ^ab	1931.667 ± 86.822 ^ab	649.333 ± 63.679 ^b	526.333 ± 13.569 ^abcd	3.065 ± 0.122 ^b	2.404 ± 0.062 ^b	0.803 ± 0.031 ^ab	0.661 ± 0.059 ^b