Table 3.
Examples of commercial bacteriophage products used in biocontrol of foodborne pathogens in various foods.
| Commercial Phage Product | Target Bacteria | Company | Target Food Products | Country Approving Product | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SalmoLyse® | Salmonella spp. | Intralytix, Inc., USA | Raw pet food ingredients; meat products: chicken, tuna, turkey; plant products: cantaloupe, lettuce | USA | [89] |
| SalmoFreshTM | Salmonella spp. | Intralytix Inc., USA | Poultry, fish and shellfish, fresh and processed fruits and vegetables | USA, Canada, Israel | [90] |
| PhageGuard S SalmonelexTM | Salmonella spp. | Micreos Food Safety/Nederlands | Fresh poultry meat | USA, Canada, Australia, Israel | [91] |
| Bafasal® |
Salmonella spp., Aeromonas spp. Pseudomonas spp., Yersinia spp. |
Proteon Pharmaceuticals (Łódź, Poland) | Regulatory-approved poultry feed | Poland | [9] |
| EnkoPhagum |
Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.; enteropathogenic E. coli; Staphylococcus spp. |
Brimrose Technology Corporation (Sparks Glencoe, MD, USA) | Meat products | Georgia | [92] |
| BacWash TM | Salmonella spp. | OmniLytics Inc. (Sandy, UT, USA) | For disinfection of skin of live animals prior to slaughter | USA | [4] |
| Biotector® S |
Salmonella Gallinarum S. Pullorum |
CJ CheilJedang Research Institute of Biotechnology (Seoul, Korea) | In animal feed to control Salmonella in poultry | South Korea | [93] |
| PhageGuard STM | Salmonella | Micreos Food Safety BV (Wageningen, The Netherlands) | Fresh poultry meat | Netherlands, Australia, Canada, USA | [87,94] |
| EcoShield TM | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Intralytix Inc. (Columbia, MD, USA) | Kosher meat (ground beef); vegetables (tomatoes, broccoli, spinach); lettuce and cantaloupe; leafy greens | USA | [9,91,95] |
| Secure Shield E1 | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | FINK TEC GmbH (Hamm, Germany) | Beef carcasses | USA | [96] |
| EcoShield PX™ | Stx Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Intralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA | Fresh-cut leafy greens; foods of plant origin, beef, chicken | USA, Canada, Israel | [90,95] |
| ShigaShield™ (ShigActive™) |
Shigella spp. | Intralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA | Beef, poultry, dairy products, including cheese; fruit and vegetable surfaces | USA | [90,97] |
| ListShield™ | Listeria monocytogenes | Intralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA | Food biopreservative in meat and poultry products | USA, Canada, Israel | [9,87,90] |
| Listex P100 PhageGuard Listex™ |
Listeria monocytogenes | Micreos Food Safety, Wageningen, Netherlands | Beef and turkey meat; fish and shellfish; dairy products; red smear soft cheese, smoked salmon and fresh salmon; frozen vegetables | USA, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Switzerland, the Netherlands | [87,98] |
| ListPhage™ | Listeria monocytogenes | Intralytix, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA | Pet food | USA, EU | [91] |
| Agriphage™ | Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato | OmniLytics Inc., USA | Foods of plant origin, especially tomatoes and peppers | USA | [91] |
| Agriphage-Fire Blight | Erwinia amylovora | OmniLytics Inc., USA | Surfaces of apples and pears | USA | [91] |
| Biolyse™ | Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Pseudomonas | APS Biocontrol Ltd./Dundee, UK | Vegetables, including potatoes | UK, Europe | [91] |