Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included.

References	N a	Mean age (years)	% male	Country	Mental health measured	Name of mental health measures	Month of data collectionb	Published	Health-care student	Level of trainingc	Study design
Abas et al. (43)	478	21.55	72.00	Sudan	Anx	BAI	May	Yes		Undergrad	Cross.
Ahmed et al. (44)	1,445	-	29.40	Pakistan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May—July	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Akinkugbe et al. (45)	426	-	37.70	USA	Anx	GAD-7	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Alkhamees and Aljohani (46)	336	-	-	Saudi Arabia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Alqudah et al. (47)	736	20.97	24.90	Jordan	Anx	HAM-A	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Alsairafi et al. (48)	298	-	10.40	Kuwait	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May—July	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Amatori et al. (49)	159	23.00	50.94	Italy	Dep	PHQ-9	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Amendola et al. (50)	676	25.00	24.00	Switzerland	Anx	GAD-7	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Amerio et al. (51)	8,177	22.02	50.10	Italy	Dep	PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Aslan et al. (52)	358	23.00	42.46	Turkey	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-8	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Aylie et al. (53)	314	-	63.40	Ethiopia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Balhara et al. (54)	128	19.60	40.00	India	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Baloch et al. (55)	494	-	39.00	Pakistan	Anx	SAS	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Bashir et al. (56)	523	24.61	20.10	Pakistan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	August—September	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Batais et al. (57)	322	21.92	46.90	Saudi Arabia	Anx	GAD-7	March	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Biber et al. (58)	1,640	-	38.60	USA	Anx	GAD-7	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Bilgi et al. (59)	178	21.00	28.65	Turkey	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Biswas and Biswas (60)	209	20.33	12.44	India	Anx	GAD-7	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Blake et al. (61)	99	20.36	13.10	UK	Anx	GAD-7	July—October	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Bolatov et al. (62)	798	20.31	24.30	Kazakhstan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Bourion-Bedes et al. (63)	3,936	21.70	29.40	France	Anx	GAD-7	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Brett et al. (64)	151	-	24.80	Australia	Anx	GAD-7	March—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Cam et al. (65)	1,095	21.72	25.50	Turkey	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May 2020	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Campos et al. (66)	66	21.70	24.2	Brazil	Anx, Dep	DASS-12	May—June	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Chakraborty et al. (67)	168	24.00	19.00	India	Dep	PHQ-9	May 2020	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Chen et al. (68)	361,969	-	40.30	China	Dep	PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Chi et al. (69)	2,038	20.56	37.00	China	Anx, Dep	SAS, PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Cici and Yilmazel (70)	322	20.80	23.60	Turkey	Anx	BAI	March—April	Yes	Yes	-	Cross.
Cuschieri and Calleja Agius (71)	172	-	33.70	Malta	Anx	GAD-7	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Dangal and Bajracharya (72)	96	20.95	20.9	Nepal	Anx	GAD-7	-	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Das et al. (73)	208	-	56.70	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Deng et al. (6)	1,607	-	64.80	China	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May 2020	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Dhar et al. (74)	15 543	-	66.70	Bangladesh	Anx	GAD-7	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Diaz-Jimenez et al. (75)	365	23.22	9.90	Spain	Anx	DASS-21	May 2020	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Dratva et al. (76)	2,223	26.4	30.00	Switzerland	Anx	GAD-7	April 2020	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Du et al. (77)	2,254	22.50	30.80	China, Ireland, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, Netherlands, USA	Anx	GAD-7	April—May	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Dun et al. (78)	12,889	20.00	20.00	China	Dep	BDI-II	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Elhadi et al. (79)	2,430	23.30	21.00	Libya	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
El-Monshed et al. (80)	612	20.00	38.20	Egypt	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May – June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Essadek and Rabeyron (81)	8,004	21.70	32.60	France	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Evans et al. (82)	254	19.76	12.60	UK	Dep	HADS	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Faisal et al. (83)	874	22.83	63.80	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, CES-D	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Far Abid Hossain et al. (84)	474	-	61.80	Bangladesh	Anx	SAS	May—June	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Fawaz and Samaha (85)	520	21.03	38.70	Lebanon	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Feng et al. (86)	1,346	19.76	27.00	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	Febuary	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Feng et al. (87)	219	23.17	25.10	China	Anx	GAD-7	March—April	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Fruehwirth et al. (88)	419	18.90	-	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-8	June—July	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Fu et al. (89)	89 588	-	43.75	China	Anx	GAD-7	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Garvey et al. (90)	198	-	32.80	Spain	Anx	GAD-7	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Gas et al. (91)	699	21.31	35.30	Turkey	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May—July	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Ge et al. (92)	2,009	-	49.03	China	Anx	GAD-7	Febuary	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Gecaite-Stonciene et al. (93)	619	22.00	7.10	Lithuania	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PH-9	May—November	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Generali et al. (94)	399	23.45	43.10	Italy	Anx	GAD-7	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Ghazawy et al. (95)	1,335	-	38.20	Egypt	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	June 2020	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Giusti et al. (96)	103	22.50	18.40	Italy	Anx, Dep	SAS, BDI-II	March—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Graupensperger et al. (97)	135	19.84	37.00	USA	Dep	PROMIS	February—April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Guo et al. (98)	852	-	-	USA	Anx	GAD-7	June—August	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Hakami et al. (99)	697	21.76	45.30	Saudi Arabia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Halperin et al. (100)	1,428	22.30	32.40	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Hamza et al. (101)	733	18.52	25.00	Canada	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, CES-D	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Imran et al. (102)	10,178	31.50	43.30	Pakistan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Islam et al. (103)	3,122	21.40	59.50	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Islam et al. (104)	476	-	67.20	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Jia et al. (105)	740	-	38.11	China	Anx	SAS	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Jin et al. (106)	847	20.09	22.40	China	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Jindal et al. (107)	664	-	47.60	India	Anx	GAD-7	May	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Jones et al. (108)	2,282	-	42.10	USA	Anx, Dep	PHQ-4	April	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Joshi et al. (109)	2,088	-	23.00	India	Anx	GAD-7	-	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Juchnowicz et al. (110)	2,172	22.10	27.01	Poland	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kadam et al. (111)	60	-	12.00	India	Anx	HAM-A	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kalkan Ugurlu et al. (112)	411	20.60	20.70	Turkey	Anx, Dep	DASS-42	July	Yes	Yes	-	Cross.
Kalok et al. (113)	772	-	28.40	Malaysia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Kamaludin et al. (114)	983	-	33.60	Malaysia	Anx	SAS	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kannampallil et al. (115)	393	-	45.00	USA	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Kaparounaki et al. (116)	1,000	22.07	30.99	Greece	Dep	CES-D	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kassir et al. (117)	73	-	27.40	Lebanon	Anx, Dep	GHQ-28	June—September	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Khoshaim et al. (118)	400	-	24.80	Saudi Arabia	Anx	SAS	April—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kibbey et al. (119)	641	20.10	27.30	USA	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kohls et al. (120)	3,382	23.98	28.6	Germany	Dep	PHQ-9	July—August	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Kuman Tuncel et al. (121)	3,105	22.37	43.30	Turkey	Anx	BAI	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Lai et al. (122)	124	-	36.30	UK, USA	Anx, Dep	PHQ-4, PH-4	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Lan et al. (123)	304	-	71.40	Vietnam	Anx, Dep	DASS-18	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Le Vigouroux et al. (124)	1,297	21.27	20.66	France	Anx, Dep	HADS	March—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Lee et al. (125)	1,410	-	26.00	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PROMIS-D	March—May	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Li et al. (126)	68,685	-	36.80	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Li et al. (127)	7,747	20.74	50.95	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February—March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Li et al. (128)	1,168	-	65.07	China	Anx	GAD-7	April—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Li et al. (129)	6,348	-	9.63	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	March	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Liang et al. (130)	4,164	-	52.00	China	Dep	PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Lin et al. (131)	628	20.17	35.20	China	Dep	CES-D	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Lin et al. (132)	2,086	-	-	China	Anx	STAI-6	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Lischer et al. (133)	557	27.00	36.20	Switzerland	Anx	PHQ-4	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Liu et al. (134)	217	21.70	41.50	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February—April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Lopez-Castro et al. (135)	909	-	30.80	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Ma et al. (136)	746,217	-	44.40	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Majumdar et al. (137)	325	22.10	39.07	India	Dep	CES-D	April—May	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Manjareeka and Pathak (138)	101	19.70	63.37	India	Anx	STAI-S	February—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Long.
Mechili et al. (139)	892	-	11.4	Albania	Dep	PHQ-9	March—April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Medeiros et al. (140)	113	21.46	23.00	Brazil	Anx, Dep	HADS	May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Mekonen et al. (141)	338	24.70	56.20	Ethiopia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	November	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Meng et al. (142)	3,304	21.18	39.39	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Miskulin et al. (143)	347	-	-	Brazil	Dep	HADS	March—June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Moayed et al. (144)	207	-	69.08	Iran	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	February—March	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Mridul et al. (145)	159	-	-	India	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	July	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Mushquash and Grassia (146)	131	20.32	19.08	Canada	Dep	PHQ-9	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Nakhostin-Ansari et al. (147)	323	23.73	47.70	Iran	Anx, Dep	BAI, BDI	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Naser et al. (148)	1,165	-	46.20	Jordan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Nihmath Nisha et al. (149)	359	-	50.40	India	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, CES-D	April—June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Nishimura et al. (150)	473	22.00	65.80	Japan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Nomura et al. (151)	2,449	20.50	53.80	Japan	Dep	PHQ-9	May—June	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Padron et al. (152)	932	-	23.80	Spain	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Pandey et al. (153)	82	-	43.40	India	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Patelarou et al. (154)	787	22.70	16.10	Greece, Spain, Albania	Dep	PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Patsali et al. (155)	1,535	22.00	28.08	Greece	Dep	CES-D	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Pavan et al. (156)	233	22.82	58.70	India	Anx	GAD-7	August	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Pelaccia et al. (157)	1,165	23.00	34.80	France	Anx	STAI-S	May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Poon et al. (158)	374	-	-	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	-	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Qanash et al. (159)	721	22.00	40.60	Saudi Arabia	Anx, Dep	PHQ-4, PH-4	April—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Rogowska et al. (160)	1,512	20.06	31.35	Ukraine	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Rogowska et al. (161)	914	23.04	56.89	Poland	Anx	GAD-7	March—April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Romeo et al. (162)	478	23.30	22.60	Italy	Anx, Dep	STAI-Y1, BDI-II	March—April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Rosenthal et al. (163)	222	-	8.00	USA	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Rudenstine et al. (164)	1,821	26.17	27.10	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Saadeh et al. (165)	6,157	19.79	28.70	Jordan	Dep	CES-D	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Saddik et al. (166)	1,485	20.50	28.20	UAE	Anx	GAD-7	March	Yes	Mixed	-	Long.
Safa et al. (167)	425	22.00	37.65	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	HADS	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Saguem et al. (168)	251	21.00	17.50	Tunisia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April—May	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Salman et al. (169)	1,134	21.70	29.50	Pakistan	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Saraswathi et al. (170)	217	20.00	35.94	India	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	June	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Long.
Sathe et al. (171)	433	20.00	27.94	India	Dep	PHQ-9	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Savitsky et al. (172)	216	26.00	12.04	Israel	Anx	GAD-7	March—April	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Sayeed et al. (173)	589	-	65.70	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Shailaja et al. (174)	530	20.57	42.6	India	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Sogut et al. (175)	972	20.79	9.44	Turkey	Anx	BAI	March	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.
Song et al. (176)	1,128	-	44.00	China	Anx, Dep	SAS, SDS	February	Yes	Mixed	-	Cross.
Song et al. (177)	261	20.00	46.70	China	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	-	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Soria and Horgos (178)	69,054	20.00	72.80	France	Anx, Dep	STAI-Y2	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Srivastava et al. (179)	97	19.15	47.42	India	Anx	GAD-7	-	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Sultana et al. (180)	3,997	21.96	61.10	Bangladesh	Dep	PHQ-9	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Sun et al. (181)	1,912	20.28	30.23	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	March—April	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Sundarasen et al. (182)	983	-	33.60	Malaysia	Anx	SAS	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Syam et al. (183)	1,044	21.12	17.40	Indonesia	Dep	KADS-6	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Tang et al. (184)	2,485	19.81	39.20	China	Dep	PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Tasnim et al. (185)	3,331	21.40	59.40	Bangladesh	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Vahedian-Azimi et al. (7)	207	27.23	69.10	Iran	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	February—March	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Vala et al. (186)	250	-	44.00	India	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	-	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Van Der Feltz-Cornelis et al. (187)	925	27.50	26.00	UK	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May—June	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Verma (188)	131	-	48.00	India	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	-	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Villani et al. (189)	501	22.90	28.54	Italy	Anx, Dep	SAS, SDS	June—July	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Vitale et al. (190)	285	-	14.03	Italy	Dep	PHQ-9	March—April	Yes	Yes	-	Cross.
Volken et al. (191)	2,363	26.00	30.20	Switzerland	Dep	PHQ-9	April—October	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Wan Mohd Yunus et al. (192)	1,005	-	24.50	Malaysia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wang et al. (193)	1,172	-	39.08	China	Anx	SAS	Febuary—March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Wang et al. (194)	44,447	21.00	45.50	China	Anx, Dep	SAS, CES-D	January—February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wang et al. (195)	2,014 (Anx) 1994 (Dep)	22.88	38.36	USA	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wang et al. (196)	3,092	-	33.60	China	Anx	GAD-7	February—March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wathelet et al. (197)	69,054	20.00	26.10	France	Anx, Dep	STAI-Y2, BDI	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Widiyanto et al. (198)	430	-	25.12	Indonesia	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, WHO-5	May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wong et al. (199)	340	-	-	Malaysia	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	May—September	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Wu et al. (200)	11,787	20.45	42.89	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Xiang et al. (201)	1,396	20.68	63.10	China	Anx, Dep	SAS, SDS	February—March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Xiao et al. (202)	933	-	29.90	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Xie et al. (203)	1,026	-	36.40	China	Dep	SDS	February	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Xie et al. (204)	2,705	-	22.48	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	February	Yes	Mixed	Undergrad	Cross.
Xin et al. (205)	24,378	19.90	32.30	China	Dep	PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Yadav et al. (206)	409	22.10	16.90	Nepal	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	June	Yes	No	Postgrad	Cross.
Yang et al. (207)	521	-	22.50	China	Anx	SAS	April—May	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Yu et al. (208)	430	18.51	19.30	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	October	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Yu et al. (209)	23,863	-	31.90	China	Dep	PHQ-9	February	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Yu et al. (210)	1,681	-	35.20	China	Dep	CES-D	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Zhang et al. (211)	66	20.70	37.88	China	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	February—March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Long.
Zhang et al. (36)	1,041	21.34	47.60	China	Anx, Dep	DASS-21	April	Yes	Yes	Postgrad	Cross.
Zhao et al. (212)	821	23.08	37.15	China, South Korea, Japan	Dep	PHQ-9	March—April	Yes	-	-	Cross.
Zhao et al. (213)	420	22.90	31.67	China	Dep	PHQ-9	March—April	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Zhou et al. (214)	4,099	-	25.00	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PHQ-9	March	Yes	-	Undergrad	Cross.
Zhu et al. (215)	342	20.72	13.20	China	Anx, Dep	GAD-7, PH-9	March—April	Yes	Yes	Undergrad	Cross.

BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DASS-18, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 18-Item; DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-Item; DASS-42, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 42-Item; GHQ-28, General Health Questionnaire-28; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; KADS-6, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale 6-Item; PHQ-4, Patient Health Questionnaire 4-Item; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire 8-Item; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; PROMIS-D, PROMIS Depression Short Form; SAS, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; STAI-S, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State Subscale; STAI-Y1, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y1; STAI-Y2, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y2; STAI-6, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6-Item; WHO-5, World Helath Organization Well-being Index; -, not reported.

^aSample size entered into the meta-analysis.

^bData collection for all included studies occurred in 2020.

^cUndergrad: includes university undergraduate students, university students generally, college students generally, midwifery students, and nursing students; Postgrad: includes graduate students, medical students, dental students, pharmacy students, fellows, trainees, and postdocs.