Table 1.
Ongoing registered clinical trials in SLE
| Therapy | Target | Trial phase | Participants (target) | Trial registration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B cells | ||||
| Belimumab/rituximab | BAFF/CD20 | III | 292 | NCT03312907 |
| Belimumab/rituximab | BAFF/CD20 | II (LN) | 70 | NCT03312907 |
| Ianalumab/iscalimab | BAFF/CD40 | II | 120 | NCT03656562 |
| Dapirolizumab | CD40L | III | 450 | NCT04294667 |
| Rozibafusp alpha | ICOSL/BAFF | II | 320 | NCT04058028 |
| RC-18 | TACI-Fc fusion protein | II (completed) | 249 | NCT02885610 |
| Cytokines/chemokines | ||||
| Secukinumab | Anti-IL17 mAb | III (LN) | 460 | NCT04181762 |
| BOS161721 | Anti-IL21 mAb | I/II (completed) | 143 | NCT03371251 |
| Guselkumab | Anti-IL23 mAb | II (LN) | 60 | NCT04376827 |
| BT063 | Anti-IL10 mAb | II (completed) | 36 | NCT02554019 |
| Aldesleukin | IL2 | II (completed) | 16 | NCT03312335 |
| IL2 | II | 500 | NCT04077684 | |
| ILT-101 | IL2 | II (completed) | 100 | NCT02955617 |
| LY3471851 (NKTR-358) | IL2 | II | 280 | NCT04433585 |
| AMG592 | IL2 | I | 29 | NCT03451422 |
| AMG592 | IL2 | II | 320 | NCT04058028 |
| PF-06835375 | Anti-CXCR5 antagonist | I | 112 | NCT03334851 |
| Kinases | ||||
| AC0058TA | BTK | I | 32 | NCT03878303 |
| Orelabrutinib (ICP-022) | BTK | I/II (completed) | 60 | NCT04305197 |
| Branebrutinib | BTK | II | 185 | NCT04186871 |
| Elsubrutinib/upadacitinib | BTK/JAK1 | II | 325 | NCT03978520 |
| Elsubrutinib/upadacitinib | BTK/JAK1 | II | 260 | NCT04451772 |
| Baricitinib | JAK1/2 | III | 1100 | NCT03843125 |
| Baricitinib | JAK1/2 | III | 750 | NCT03616964 |
| Baricitinib | JAK1/2 | III | 809 | NCT03616912 |
| PF-06700841 | JAK1/TYK2 | II | 448 | NCT03845517 |
| BMS986165 | TYK2 | II | 360 | NCT03920267 |
| BMS986165 | TYK2 | II | 360 | NCT03252587 |
| BMS986165 | TYK2 | II (LN) | 78 | NCT03943147 |
| Cenerimod | S1P | II | 500 | NCT03742037 |
| Other | ||||
| Itolizumab | Anti-CD6 mAb | I | 60 | NCT04128579 |
| Iberdomide (CC-220) | Cereblon E3 ligase modulator | II (completed) | 42 | NCT02185040 |
| Curcumin | II | 68 | NCT03953261 | |
| SM934 | Artesimin analogue | II | 48 | NCT03951259 |
| Mesenchymal stem cells | II | 81 | NCT02633163 | |
| Lenabasum (JBT-101) | CB2 agonist | II | 100 | NCT03093402 |
| KZR-616 | Immunoproteasome | II | 68 | NCT03393013 |
BAFF: B cell activating factor; BTK: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; CD40L: CD40 ligand; JAK: Janus kinase; mAb: monoclonal antibody; TYK: tyrosine kinase.