Appendix 1—key resources table.
| Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic reagent (Mus musculus) |
C57BL/6J | Jackson Laboratory |
RRID:MGI:3028467 JAX:000664 |
|
| Genetic reagent (M. musculus) |
Myd88−/− C57BL/6J | Jackson Laboratory |
||
| Genetic reagent (M. musculus) |
Tlr2−/− C57BL/6J | Jackson Laboratory |
B6.129-Tlr2tm 1kir/J Stock No: 004650 |
|
| Genetic reagent (M. musculus) |
Tlr4−/− C57BL/6J | Jackson Laboratory |
B6.B10ScN- Tlr4lps-del/JthJ Stock No: 007227 |
|
| Cell line (Homo sapiens) |
HEK-293T | ATCC | Cat# CRL-3216 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
A549 | ATCC | Cat# CCL-185 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
THP1 | ATCC | Cat# CRL-TIB-202 | Cat# CRL-TIB-202 |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
Calu-3 | ATCC | Cat# HTB-55 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
HEK-Blue-Null2 | InvivoGen | Cat# hkb-null2 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
HEK-Blue-hTLR2 | InvivoGen | Cat# hkb-htlr2 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
HEK-Blue-hTLR2-TLR1 | InvivoGen | Cat# hkb-htlr21 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
HEK-Blue hTLR2-TLR6 | InvivoGen | Cat# hkb-htlr26 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
HEK-Blue-hTLR4 | InvivoGen | Cat# hkb-htlr4 | |
| Cell line (H. sapiens) |
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
StemCell Technologies | Cat# 70025 | |
| Cell line (M. musculus) |
Bone marrow- derived macrophage |
This paper | See ‘Culture of mouse bone- marrow-derived macrophages’ in Materials and methods |
|
| Cell line (M. musculus) |
Primary lung epithelial cells |
This paper | See ‘Culture of mouse primary lung epithelial cells’ in Materials and methods |
|
| Cell line (M. musculus) |
RAW264.7 | ATCC | Cat# TIB-71 | |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) Phospho-NF- kB p65 |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 3033 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Mouse monoclonal) Phospho-IκBα |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 9246 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) IκBα |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 4812 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) anti-phospho p44/42 (ERK1/2) |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 4370 | WB (1:2000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) anti-p44/42 (ERK1/2) |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 4695 | WB (1:2000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) anti-phospho SAPK/JNK |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 4668 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) anti-phospho AKT |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 4060 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Rabbit monoclonal) anti-phospho STAT3 |
Cell Signaling | Cat# 9145 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | (Mouse monoclonal) anti-SARS-CoV-2 S |
GeneTex | Cat# GTX632604 | WB (1:1000) FACS (1 μl/ 1×106 cells) |
| Antibody | (Monoclonal) anti- CD16/CD32 |
eBioscience | Cat# 14-0161-82 | FACS (1 μg/1×106 cells) |
| Antibody | (Mouse monoclonal) anti-β-actin |
Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# A2228 | WB (1:10,000) |
| Recombinant DNA reagent |
GFP-Flag (plasmid) | VectorBuilder | Cat# VB200507- 2985cmv |
|
| Recombinant DNA reagent |
SARS-CoV-2 S-Flag | VectorBuilder | Cat# VB200507- 2984jyv |
|
| Recombinant DNA reagent |
TLR1 CRISPR/Cas9 | Santa Cruz | Cat# sc-423418 | |
| Recombinant DNA reagent |
TLR2 CRISPR/Cas9 | Santa Cruz | Cat# sc-423981 | |
| Recombinant DNA reagent |
TLR6 CRISPR/Cas9 | Santa Cruz | Cat# sc-423420 | |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Il1b_F | This paper | PCR primers | GCCTCGTG CTGTCGG ACCCATA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Il1b_R | This paper | PCR primers | TGCAGGGT GGGTGTG CCGTCTT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Il6_F | This paper | PCR primers | CAA GAA AGA CAA AGC CAG AGT C |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Il6_R | This paper | PCR primers | GAA ATT GGG GTA GGA AGG AC |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Tnfa_F | This paper | PCR primers | TCCCAGGTTC TCTTCAAGGGA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Tnfa_R | This paper | PCR primers | GGTGAGGAG CACGTAGTCGG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifng_F | This paper | PCR primers | GAAAGACAA TCAGGCCATCA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifng_R | This paper | PCR primers | TTGCTGTTGC TGAAGAAGGT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifnb_F | This paper | PCR primers | GCCTGGATG GTGGTC CGAGCA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifnb_R | This paper | PCR primers | TACCAGTCC CAGAGTCC GCCTCT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifna_F | This paper | PCR primers | TCTGATGCA GCAGGTGGG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Ifna_R | This paper | PCR primers | AGGGCTCT CCAGACTTC TGCTCTG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Cxcl1_F | This paper | PCR primers | TGAGCTGCG CTGTCA GTGCCT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Cxcl1_R | This paper | PCR primers | AGAAGCCA GCGTTCA CCAGA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Cxcl2_F | This paper | PCR primers | CAA GAA CAT CCA GAG CTT GAG TGT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
m_Cxcl2_R | This paper | PCR primers | GCC CTT GAG AGT GGC TAT GAC TT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IL1B _F | This paper | PCR primers | AAATACCTG TGGCCTTGGGC |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IL1B _F | This paper | PCR primers | TTTGGGATC TACACTC TCCAGCT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IL6 _F | This paper | PCR primers | GTAGCCGC CCCACACAGA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IL6 _R | This paper | PCR primers | CATGTCTCCT TTCTCAG GGCTG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_TNFA_F | This paper | PCR primers | CCCAGGGA CCTCTCT CTAATCA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_TNFA_R | This paper | PCR primers | GCTTGAGGG TTTGCTA CAACATG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNG_F | This paper | PCR primers | CCAACGCAAA GCAATACATGA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNG_R | This paper | PCR primers | CCTTTTTCG CTTCCCT GTTTTA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNB_F | This paper | PCR primers | ATTGCCTCAA GGACAGGATG |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNB_R | This paper | PCR primers | GGCCTTCA GGTAA TGCAGAA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNA_F | This paper | PCR primers | GTGAGGAAAT ACTTCCAAA GAATCAC |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_IFNA_R | This paper | PCR primers | TCTCATGAT TTCTGCTCT GACAA |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CXCL1_F | This paper | PCR primers | AACCGAAGT CATAGCCACAC |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CXCL1_R | This paper | PCR primers | CCTCCCTTC TGGTCAGTT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CXCL2_F | This paper | PCR primers | CGCCCAAAC CGAAGTCAT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CXCL2_R | This paper | PCR primers | GATTTGCCATT TTTCAG CATCTTT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CCL2_F | This paper | PCR primers | AGGTGACTGG GGCATTGAT |
| Sequence- based reagent |
h_CCL2_R | This paper | PCR primers | GCCTCCAGCA TGAAAGTCTC |
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 S1 | RayBiotech | Cat# 230-30161 | |
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 S1 | R&D | Cat# 10569- CV-100 |
|
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 S2 | RayBiotech | Cat# 230-30163 | |
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 S2 | R&D | Cat# 10594- CV-100 |
|
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 S-trimer | R&D | Cat# 10549- CV-100 |
|
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 N | RayBiotech | Cat# 230-30164 | |
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 M | MyBioSource | Cat# MBS8574735 | |
| Peptide, recombinant protein |
SARS-CoV-2 E | MyBioSource | Cat# MBS9141944 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit |
Thermo Fisher Scientific |
Cat# 23227 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY406-05 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY401-05 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY410-05 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
Human IL-6 ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY206-05 | |
| commercial assay or kit |
Human IL-1β ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY201-05 |
|
| Commercial assay or kit |
Human TNF-α ELISA Kit | R&D Systems | Cat# DY210-05 | |
| Commercial assay or kit |
SARS-CoV-2 S ELISA Kit | RayBiotech | Cat# ELV-COVID19S2 | |
| Chemical compound, drug |
Phorbol-12- myristate 13- acetate (PMA) |
InvivoGen | Cat# tlrl | 100 ng/ ml |
| Chemical compound, drug |
TLR2-IN-C29 | Selleckchem | S6597 | 150 μM/ ml |
| Chemical compound, drug |
Pam3CSK4 | InvivoGen | tlrl-pms | |
| Chemical compound, drug |
FSL-1 | InvivoGen | tlrl-fsl | |
| Chemical compound, drug |
ACE2 Inhibitor, MLN-4760 |
Sigma-Aldrich | 5306160001 | 10 μM/ ml |
| Chemical compound, drug |
Lipofectamine 3000 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# L3000015 | |
| Chemical compound, drug |
Ultrapure Escherichia coli- derived LPS |
InvivoGen | Cat# tlrl-smlps | |
| Software, algorithm |
Flowjo v10 | Treestar, Inc | RRID:SCR_008520 | |
| Software, algorithm |
CytoFLEX- | Beckman Coulter | ||
| Software, algorithm |
GraphPad Prism | Graphpad.com | RRID:SCR_00279 |