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. 2021 Dec 24;11:24432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04133-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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E-protein suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome priming and monocyte recruitment in the lung. (A) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of spliced Xbp-1 in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05. (B) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Il1b in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05. (C) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Tnfa in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05. (D) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Ccl2 in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05. (E) Quantification of F4/80 + cells via immunostaining in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05. (F) Quantification of CD-68 + cells via immunostaining in whole lung of WT and Nlrp3^−/− mice, injected intranasally with control and E-protein lentiviruses for 10 days and challenged intranasally with poly (I:C) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD, which were analyzed by one-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05.