Table 3.
Stigma items | 1 factor solution | 2 factor solution | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All stigma loading | Residual variance | Internalized stigma loading | Community or family stigma loading | Residual variance | |
Feelings of worthlessness, of having no value (i) | 0.64* | 0.60 | 0.78* | − 0.07 | 0.44 |
Feeling detached or withdrawn from others (i) | 0.68* | 0.54 | 0.77* | 0.00 | 0.41 |
Feeling badly treated by family members (p) | 0.50* | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0.33* | 0.74 |
Feeling badly treated by community members (p) | 0.55* | 0.70 | − 0.10 | 0.72* | 0.55 |
Feeling shame (i) | 0.51* | 0.75 | 0.61* | − 0.04 | 0.65 |
Blaming yourself for past events (i) | 0.64* | 0.59 | 0.68* | 0.05 | 0.51 |
Feeling rejected by everybody (i) | 0.79* | 0.38 | 0.32* | 0.58* | 0.37 |
Feeling stigma (p) | 0.81* | 0.34 | 0.54* | 0.40* | 0.32 |
Wanting to avoid others or hide (i) | 0.76* | 0.43 | 0.73* | 0.13 | 0.35 |
Feeling like your family gazes at you like they are blaming you (p) | 0.79* | 0.37 | 0.27* | 0.62* | 0.35 |
Feeling like community members gaze at you like they are blaming you (p) | 0.76* | 0.43 | − 0.01 | 0.88* | 0.23 |
Wanting to change the way you dress (i) | 0.20* | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.95 |
Been abandoned/thrown out of your home (e) | 0.54* | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.56* | 0.64 |
Rejected by your family because of trauma you experienced (e) | 0.63* | 0.60 | 0.06 | 0.66* | 0.52 |
Rejected by your intimate partner because of trauma you experienced (e) | 0.58* | 0.67 | − 0.06 | 0.73* | 0.52 |
Forced to live away from husband because of violence you experienced (e) | 0.45* | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.34* | 0.79 |
*Loading significant at p < 0.05; e = enacted stigma item; i = internalized stigma item; p = perceived stigma item; Bold indicates the item was retained for future analyses