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. 2021 Dec 21;14:7191–7224. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S341581

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© 2021 Li et al.

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The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of acupuncture from acupoint to target organs.

Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; SP, substance P; MC-Exo, mast cell-derived exosome; DAMPs, damage associated molecular patterns; HSP, heat shock protein; NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius; RVM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; DMV, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ATCH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; GRs, glucocorticoid receptors; ACh, acetylcholine; α7nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NF-κB, NF-kappaB; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NE, noradrenaline; NPY, neuropeptide Y; DA, dopamine.