Table 1.
Maternal background and household characteristics at enrolment and health care‐seeking behaviour at birth among mothers with live births
| Characteristics | Intervention a N = 902 | Comparison N = 453 |
|---|---|---|
| % (n) or mean (±SD) | % (n) or mean (±SD) | |
| Maternal age | ||
| <24 | 53.1 (479) | 48.8 (221) |
| 25–29 | 30.3 (273) | 30.2 (137) |
| 30+ | 16.6 (150) | 21.0 (95) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Mean (±SD) years of schooling | 5.93 (±2.9) | 6.13 (±2.9) |
| Maternal occupation | ||
| Engaged in income‐generating activities | 4.2 (38) | 4.4 (20) |
| Homemaker | 95.8 (864) | 95.6 (433) |
| Mother's exposure to mass media | 25.5 (230) | 24.7 (112) |
| Parity b | ||
| Nulliparous | 46.2 (417) | 43.5 (197) |
| Multiparous | 53.8 (485) | 56.5 (256) |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | ||
| ≥37 | 83.7 (755) | 79.0 (358) |
| 32–36 | 15.0 (135) | 18.5 (84) |
| ≤31 | 1.3 (12) | 2.4 (11) |
| Sex of the child* | ||
| Male | 47.2 (426) | 53.9 (244) |
| Female | 52.8 (476) | 46.1 (209) |
| Type of birth | ||
| Singleton | 98.7 (890) | 98.0 (444) |
| Multiple | 1.3 (12) | 2.0 (9) |
| Mode of childbirth | ||
| Normal vaginal birth | 76.3 (688) | 75.3 (341) |
| Assisted birth | 6.1 (55) | 7.5 (34) |
| Caesarean section | 17.6 (159) | 17.2 (78) |
| Place of birth | ||
| Home | 59.7 (538) | 60.5 (274) |
| Health facility | 39.9 (360) | 39.3 (178) |
| Other | 0.4 (4) | 0.2 (1) |
| Attendance at birth c | ||
| Skilled birth attendant | 46.8 (422) | 42.6 (193) |
| Unskilled/traditional health care provider | 48.8 (440) | 53.6 (243) |
| Other | 4.0 (36) | 3.3 (15) |
| Household wealth quintile d | ||
| Lowest | 20.7 (187) | 17.6 (80) |
| Second | 18.1 (163) | 22.5 (102) |
| Middle | 20.7 (187) | 20.8 (94) |
| Fourth | 20.0 (180) | 20.8 (94) |
| Highest | 20.5 (185) | 18.3 (83) |
| Household food security e | ||
| Secure | 43.2 (390) | 44.8 (203) |
| Mildly food insecure | 10.8 (97) | 8.4 (38) |
| Moderately food insecure | 33.6 (303) | 36.0 (163) |
| Severely food insecure | 12.2 (110) | 10.8 (49) |
a
All intervention arms combined.
b
Included multiple births in the count of firstborns.
c
Information missing for six participants.
d
The household wealth quintile was calculated from a composite asset score estimated by principal component analysis of roof, wall and floor materials, toilet facility, electricity, ownership of television, mobile phone, refrigerator, almirah/wardrobe, table, chair, electric fan, water pump, motorcycle/three‐wheelers, livestock and poultry, homestead and farmland.
e
Information missing for two participants.
*
p‐value < 0.05.