Table 1.

Operational definitions

Term	Definition
Community Mobilization	Community mobilization interventions “encourage community individuals, groups (including in schools), or organizations to plan, carry out, and evaluate activities on a participatory and sustained basis to improve their health and other needs” [15]. For example, community mobilization includes PLA cycles, community dialogues, and community advocacy activities [15,18].
Antenatal Care (ANC)	“The health care women get while they are pregnant,” [27] includes health screenings, information sharing, counselling, vaccination administration, preventive and curative treatments, and more.
Early ANC	According to WHO guidelines, early ANC is within the first trimester, or often gestational age of ≤12 weeks [6].
Appropriate & timely use of care	Appropriate and timely use of ANC and PNC is based on adhering to country and/or WHO guidelines on the number and timing of contacts.
Postnatal Care (PNC)	The care received by the woman and the newborn after childbirth [3]. The exact definition of the postnatal period can vary, but is often considered the first six weeks after birth [4].

PLA – participatory learning and action, ANC – antenatal care, PNC – postnatal care