Table C.2.
Model selection results for linear regressions of α-diversity. Three measures of α-diversity (Observed species, Shannon diversity, and Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity (PD)) were modeled as a function of predictors from four groups of exposures: 1) demographics; 2) health conditions and metrics; 3) medication classes; and 4) specific medications. The regression effect estimates (beta) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are shown for the selected predictors that are statistically significant. Most of the diseases and medications showing a significant association with α-diversity show an inverse relationship, but there are some exceptions. For example, vitamins and “other CVD medications,” which includes aspirin and fish oil, are associated with higher α-diversity. The beta estimates correspond to 1 standard deviation change in each metric of α-diversity.
| Predictor group | α-diversity metric | Selected covariates | Estimate | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Observed species | Non-significant: Race | |||
| Shannon | Non-significant: Race | ||||
| Faith's PD | Non-significant: Race | ||||
| Health conditions & metrics | Observed species | CVD | −0.5 | (-0.98, -0.01) | 0.046 |
| Non-significant: BMI, Bipolar disorders, Severe depressive symptoms (BDI), Gastroenteritis, Cannabis use disorder | |||||
| Shannon | PVD | −0.7 | (-1.36, -0.04) | 0.039 | |
| Non-significant: BMI, Bipolar disorders, Severe depressive symptoms (BDI), Gastroenteritis, Cannabis use disorder | |||||
| Faith's PD | CVD | −0.531 | (-1.03, -0.03) | 0.039 | |
| Non-significant: BMI, Bipolar disorders, Severe depressive symptoms (BDI), SF-36 PCS, Cancer, PVD, Gastroenteritis, Cannabis use disorder | |||||
| Medication classes | Observed species | Other Vitamins | 0.37 | (0.05, 0.71) | 0.028 |
| Non-significant: Antithrombotics, Beta blockers, Other CVD medications, Diabetes medications, Bronchodilators, NSAIDs, SSRIs, Other Psychiatric medications, Sexual function medications, Vitamin D | |||||
| Shannon | Bronchodilators | −0.34 | (-0.65, -0.02) | 0.036 | |
| Other supplemental vitamins | 0.38 | (0.05, 0.71) | 0.025 | ||
| Non-significant: Antithrombotics, Other CVD medications, Seizure medications, Other Psychiatric medications, Sexual function medications, Vitamin D | |||||
| Faith's PD | Other CVD medications | 0.38 | (0.03, 0.73) | 0.031 | |
| Non-significant: Antithrombotics, Beta blockers, Bronchodilators, Non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, SSRIs, Other psychiatric medications, Sexual function medications, Other supplemental vitamins, Vitamin D | |||||
| Specific medications | Observed species | Trazadone | −0.35 | (-0.68, -0.02) | 0.038 |
| Non-significant: Albuterol, Bupropion, Sildenafil, Cholecalciferol | |||||
| Shannon | Albuterol | −0.44 | (-0.81, -0.07) | 0.021 | |
| Non-significant: Bupropion, Trazadone, Sildenafil, Cholecalciferol | |||||
| Faith's PD | Non-significant: Bupropion, Trazadone, Sildenafil, Cholecalciferol | ||||
Footnote. Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease, NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SF-36 PCS, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Health Composite Score; PD, phylogenetic diversity; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.