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. 2021 Dec 13;12:730924. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730924

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Copyright © 2021 Halonen, Kuula, Makkonen, Kauramäki and Pesonen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Affective response and TOSCA-3_Shame scores. Baseline and playback skin conductance levels (A) and subjective embarrassment (B) across Playbacks 1–3. Error bars represent 95% CIs. TOSCA-3_Shame score is associated with both skin conductance response (percentual increase; p = 0.024) (C) and subjective embarrassment (p = 0.006) (D).