TABLE 3.

Brain regions with significant group differences in regional characteristics across the three groups.

				Patients on MHD			Post hoc b
AAL no.	Brain regions	Anatomical classification	HCs n = 25	Without CI n = 20	With CI n = 19	p	p1	p2	p2
Nodal local efficiency
4	SFGdor.R	Frontal	0.231 ± 0.015	0.250 ± 0.020	0.231 ± 0.013	<0.00a	0.002	1.000	<0.001
28	REC.R	Frontal	0.234 ± 0.038	0.240 ± 0.038	0.167 ± 0.092	0.002a	1.000	0.008	0.002
34	DCG.R	Frontal	0.223 ± 0.009	0.241 ± 0.011	0.235 ± 0.013	<0.001a	<0.001	0.011	0.721
41	AMYG.L	Temporal	0.239 ± 0.039	0.150 ± 0.088	0.211 ± 0.069	<0.001a	<0.001	0.212	<0.001
80	HES.R	Temporal	0.267 ± 0.028	0.185 ± 0.095	0.138 ± 0.118	<0.001a	0.008	<0.001	0.327
Nodal clustering coefficient
4	SFGdor.R	Frontal	0.170 ± 0.021	0.203 ± 0.038	0.170 ± 0.021	<0.001a	0.002	1.000	< 0.001
28	REC.R	Frontal	0.191 ± 0.042	0.206 ± 0.044	0.135 ± 0.077	<0.001a	1.000	0.008	0.002
33	DCG.L	Frontal	0.153 ± 0.017	0.180 ± 0.028	0.164 ± 0.018	<0.001a	0.002	0.088	0.637
34	DCG.R	Frontal	0.153 ± 0.015	0.184 ± 0.022	0.174 ± 0.025	0.004a	<0.001	0.014	0.922
41	AMYG.L	Temporal	0.203 ± 0.042	0.126 ± 0.076	0.182 ± 0.062	<0.001a	0.001	0.432	0.081
80	HES.R	Temporal	0.242 ± 0.039	0.167 ± 0.086	0.118 ± 0.101	<0.001a	0.009	< 0.001	0.193

^aThe p-value was obtained by ANCOVA with age, sex, education years, and SDS scores as covariates and all p values corrected by FDR were less than 0.05.

^bBonferroni corrected (p < 0.05) was used for the post hoc test. p1 = without CI vs. HCs; p2 = with CI vs. HCs; p3 = with CI vs. without CI.

Continuous values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

HCs, healthy controls; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis; CI, cognitive impairment; SFGdor, superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral; REC, gyrus rectus; DCG, median cingulate and paracingulate gyri; AMYG, amygdala; HES, Heschl gyrus.