Figure 3.

Epicardial mapping and ablation in a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. A: Cardiac magnetic resonance image with late gadolinium enhancement located dominantly in the epicardial circumference of the left ventricle (LV). The endocardium is spared. B: Puncture of the epicardial space using percutaneous subxiphoid access. Tenting of the parietal pericardium is marked by a small amount of contrast media. C: Electroanatomical voltage map in the inferior view. Large areas of late potentials (arrow) were located and abolished by radiofrequency ablation (red dots). RV = right ventricle.