Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical features of COVID-19 inpatients vs. COVID-19 infected quarantined individuals vs. controls.
| A: Inpatient n = 141 | B: Quarantine n = 99 | C: Controls n = 285 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, Male, n (%) | 121 (85.8%)a | 69 (69.7%)b | 122 (42.8%)c | |
| Age, in years, m ± SD | 44.0 ± 10.5a | 36.8 ± 10.4b | 38.6 ± 10.2b | |
| Nationality Group, n (%) | Qatar | 21 (14.9%)a | 3 (3.0%)b | 30 (10.5%)a, b |
| Arab countries other than Qatar | 16 (11.3%)a | 32 (32.3%)b | 37 (13.0%)a | |
| Indian Subcontinent | 90 (63.8%)a | 58 (58.6%)a | 6 (2.1%)b | |
| Southeast Asia | 8 (5.7%)a | 4 (4.0%)a | 127 (44.6%)b | |
| Other | 6 (4.3%)a | 2 (2.0%)a | 85 (29.8%)b | |
| Occupation, n (%) | Unemployed | 1 (0.7%)a | 3 (3.0%)a, b | 17 (6.0%)b |
| Housewife | 6 (4.3%)a | 12 (12.1%)a | 32 (11.2%)a | |
| Craft and Manual Worker | 83 (58.9%)a | 26 (26.3%)b | 8 (2.8%)c | |
| Professional | 45 (31.9%)a | 53 (53.5%)b | 210 (73.7%)c | |
| Student | 3 (2.1%)a | 5 (5.1%)a | 17 (6.0%)a | |
| Retired | 3 (2.1%)a | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%)a | |
| Education, n (%) | Primary or Middle School | 54 (38.3%)a | 14 (14.1%)b | 4 (1.4%)c |
| Secondary School | 49 (34.8%)a | 31 (31.3%)a | 46 (16.1%)b | |
| Higher education | 38 (27.0%)a | 54 (54.5%)b | 235 (82.5%)c | |
| Past psychiatric history, yes, n (%) | 5 (3.5%)a | 3 (3.0%)a | 13 (4.6%)a | |
| Number of hours of sleep, m ± SD | 7.1 ± 1.4a | 7.2 ± 1.4a | 7.1 ± 1.3a | |
| SF-36 scale scores, m ± SD | Physical functioning | 91.0 ± 15.1a | 91.2 ± 14.7a | 79.6 ± 25.3b |
| Role limitations due to physical health | 79.4 ± 35.9a | 76.3 ± 38.4a | 78.4 ± 32.3a | |
| Role limitations due to emotional problems | 83.9 ± 34.9a | 80.1 ± 36.2a | 68.0 ± 39.5b | |
| Energy/fatigue | 64.3 ± 21.8a | 58.6 ± 22.7a | 60.7 ± 20.5a | |
| Emotional well-being | 77.7 ± 16.8a | 75.2 ± 18.9a, b | 71.0 ± 20.9b | |
| Social functioning | 74.5 ± 26.6a | 72.3 ± 28.9a, b | 67.6 ± 26.8b | |
| Pain | 83.9 ± 22.3a | 83.1 ± 23.5a | 83.2 ± 20.0a | |
| General health | 77.6 ± 18.7a | 78.9 ± 17.0a | 74.9 ± 17.0a | |
| SF-36 component scores, m ± SD | Physical component score | 58.1 ± 6.6a | 58.2 ± 6.3a | 57.2 ± 7.0a |
| Mental component score | 51.2 ± 8.3a | 49.5 ± 8.7a, b | 47.9 ± 10.4b |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Comparisons are displayed using the APA style: values in the same row and subtable not sharing the same subscript (corresponding to each group in the first row) are significantly different at p < 0.05. Bonferroni correction was applied to multiple comparisons.