Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 95 patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy according to DRE status based on the 2010 International League Against Epilepsy definition.
| Characteristic |
No DRE n (%) |
DRE n (%) |
p-value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| 81 (80) | 14 (20) | ||
| Age at onset-yr. [median (‡IQR 25–75)] | 36.0 (23.0–53.0) | 26.5 (20.0–37.0) | 0.426* |
| Age group at onset-yr. | |||
| 17–60 | 64 (79.0%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.983 |
| >61 (Ref) | 17 (21.0%) | 12 (85.7%) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 40 (49.4%) | 9 (64.3%) | 0.163 |
| Female (Ref) | 41 (50.6%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
| Developmental delay | 6 (7.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.418 |
| History of: Family with epilepsy |
14 (17.3%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.940 |
| Febrile seizures | 1 (1.2%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy typea | |||
| Focal | 44 (54.3%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.311 |
| Generalized | 32 (39.5%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
| Unknown (Ref) | 5 (6.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | |
| Seizure typeb | |||
| Focal onset | 40 (49.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.727 |
| Generalized onset | 39 (48.1%) | 8 (57.1%) | |
| Unknown onset | 2 (2.5%) | 0 | |
| No lesional (CT or MRI) | 30 (57.7%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.775 |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | 32 (41.6%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.420 |
| Two or more foci | 4 (7.3%) | 0 | 0.312 |
| Failure to first ASM | 28 (34.6%) | 13 (92.9%) | <0.001 |
| Specific etiology: | |||
| Cortical dysplasia | 2 (2.5%) | 1 (7.1% ) | 0.775 |
| Cranial trauma | 3 (3.7%) | 1 (7.1% ) | 0.995 |
| Brian tumor | 7 (8.6%) | 0 | 0.991 |
| Stroke | 4 (4.9%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.931 |
| Mesial Temporal sclerosis | 3 (3.7%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.576 |
| Arteriovenous malformation | 2 (2.5% ) | 0 | 0.996 |
| Other | 3 (3.7%) | 0 | 0.994 |
| Unknown (ref.) | 57 (70.4%) | 9 (64.3%) | |
†
p-values for the comparison of risk factors for DRE are based on Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank methods. ‡ IQR, = inter-quartile range; DRE, drug-resistant epilepsy.
*
p-value was obtained by univariate Cox regression. a: accordingly with ILAE 2017 Classification of Epilepsy type, and b: accordingly with ILAE 2017 classification of Seizure type.