Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population according to gender.
| Variables | Total (n = 400) mean ± SD |
Men (n = 141) median (IQR) |
Women (n = 259) median (IQR) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 64.47 ± 8.45 | 64 [60, 72] | 62 [57, 70] | 0.005 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.55 ± 3.57 | 24.6 [22.2, 27.2] | 23.9 [22.4, 26.7] | 0.32 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.07 ± 9.68 | 89 [84, 95] | 81 [77, 88] | <0.001 |
| VAI | 1.84 ± 1.38 | 1.4 [0.8, 2.1] | 1.5 [1.0, 2.3] | 0.046 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 15.92 ± 5.99 | 15.7 [13.4, 9.4] | 14.3 [11.8, 17.5] | 0.003 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 ± 0.43 | 0.9 [0.8, 1.0] | 0.6 [0.6, 0.7] | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 112.97 ± 33.43 | 93.6 [83.0, 117.2] | 123.9 [101.7, 137.3] | <0.001 |
| Glucose(AC) (mg/dL) | 96.23 ± 25.73 | 92 [86, 102] | 90 [82, 100] | 0.06 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.43 ± 13.93 | 46 [39, 53] | 57 [48, 66] | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.37 ± 32.11 | 109 [86, 132] | 119 [101, 141] | 0.002 |
| T-Cholesteterol (mg/dL) | 197.15 ± 35.71 | 183 [158, 209] | 202 [179, 226] | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 122.07 ± 65.97 | 110 [76, 151] | 106 [79, 144] | 0.82 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.50 ± 16.71 | 129 [119, 140] | 128 [117, 139] | 0.40 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.93 ± 11.36 | 80 [72, 86] | 76 [69, 82] | 0.002 |
| Current smoking, n(%) | 43 10.75% | 35 24.8% | 8 3.1% | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking ≧2 times/week, n(%) | 75 18.75% | 47 33.3% | 28 10.8% | <0.001 |
| ACR ≧30 mg/g, n(%) | 75 18.75% | 29 20.6% | 46 17.8% | 0.49 |
| HTN, n(%) | 201 50.25% | 77 54.6% | 124 47.9% | 0.20 |
| DM, n(%) | 79 19.75% | 30 21.3% | 49 18.9% | 0.57 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n(%) | 260 65.00% | 84 59.6% | 176 68.0% | 0.09 |
| CKD, n(%) | 81 20.25% | 31 22.0% | 50 19.3% | 0.52 |
| Chinese herb use, n(%) | 129 32.25% | 50 35.5% | 79 30.5% | 0.31 |
| Analgesics use, n(%) | 32 8.00% | 11 7.8% | 21 8.1% | 0.91 |
Clinical characteristics are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median with inter-quartile range (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. P-value were derived from Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T-cholesterol, total cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACR, urine albumin creatinine ratio; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease.