Table 1.
Patient characteristics by treatment status
| Characteristic | Treatment | Treatment delay | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n = 116,299 | No Treatment n = 28,147 | Treatment n = 88,152 | P Value | No Delay n = 71,845 | Treatment Delay n = 16,307 | P Value | |
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 64 (10) | 65 (11) | 64 (10) | 64 (10) | 63 (9) | ||
| Sex | 0.675 | 0.924 | |||||
| Male | 88,754 (76%) | 21,507 (76%) | 67,247 (76%) | 54,802 (76%) | 12,445 (76%) | ||
| Female | 27,545 (24%) | 6,640 (24%) | 20,905 (24%) | 17,043 (24%) | 3,862 (24%) | ||
| Race | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 71,444 (62%) | 16,463 (59%) | 54,981 (63%) | 45,477 (64%) | 9,504 (58%) | ||
| Hispanic | 17,103 (15%) | 4,802 (17%) | 12,301 (14%) | 9,572 (13%) | 2,729 (17%) | ||
| Black | 17,518 (15%) | 4,675 (17%) | 12,843 (15%) | 10,158 (14%) | 2,685 (17%) | ||
| Asian + others | 9,790 (8.5%) | 2,094 (7.5%) | 7,696 (8.8%) | 6,361 (8.9%) | 1,335 (8.2%) | ||
| Insurance status | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Not insured | 6,121 (5.4%) | 2,564 (9.3%) | 3,557 (4.1%) | 2,843 (4.0%) | 714 (4.4%) | ||
| Private | 34,705 (30%) | 6,290 (23%) | 28,415 (33%) | 23,405 (33%) | 5,010 (31%) | ||
| Medicaid/Medicare | 71,033 (62%) | 18,255 (66%) | 52,778 (61%) | 42,878 (61%) | 9,900 (62%) | ||
| Other | 2,345 (2.1%) | 461 (1.7%) | 1,884 (2.2%) | 1,458 (2.1%) | 426 (2.7%) | ||
| High school degree | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| 82.4% or less | 31,981 (30%) | 9,119 (35%) | 22,862 (29%) | 18,216 (28%) | 4,646 (32%) | ||
| 82.5%‐89.1% | 28,793 (27%) | 7,329 (28%) | 21,464 (27%) | 17,497 (27%) | 3,967 (28%) | ||
| 89.2%‐93.7% | 25,844 (25%) | 6,032 (23%) | 19,812 (25%) | 16,372 (25%) | 3,440 (24%) | ||
| More than 93.7% | 18,612 (18%) | 3,724 (14%) | 14,888 (19%) | 12,543 (19%) | 2,345 (16%) | ||
| Median income | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Less than $40,227 | 26,430 (25%) | 7,498 (29%) | 18,932 (24%) | 15,199 (24%) | 3,733 (26%) | ||
| $40,227‐$50,353 | 24,247 (23%) | 6,332 (24%) | 17,915 (23%) | 14,633 (23%) | 3,282 (23%) | ||
| $50,354‐$63,332 | 23,722 (23%) | 5,743 (22%) | 17,979 (23%) | 14,672 (23%) | 3,307 (23%) | ||
| $63,333+ | 30,631 (29%) | 6,581 (25%) | 24,050 (30%) | 20,006 (31%) | 4,044 (28%) | ||
| Community type | 0.035 | 0.035 | |||||
| Metro | 97,915 (87%) | 23,878 (87%) | 74,037 (87%) | 60,197 (87%) | 13,840 (88%) | ||
| Urban | 13,227 (12%) | 3,250 (12%) | 9,977 (12%) | 8,207 (12%) | 1,770 (11%) | ||
| Rural | 1,520 (1.3%) | 414 (1.5%) | 1,106 (1.3%) | 916 (1.3%) | 190 (1.2%) | ||
| Facility type | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Academic | 65,963 (57%) | 10,946 (39%) | 55,017 (63%) | 43,801 (62%) | 11,216 (69%) | ||
| Community cancer program | 5,335 (4.6%) | 2,695 (9.7%) | 2,640 (3.0%) | 2,224 (3.1%) | 416 (2.6%) | ||
| Comprehensive community cancer program | 29,071 (25%) | 10,498 (38%) | 18,573 (21%) | 15,759 (22%) | 2,814 (17%) | ||
| Integrated network | 14,511 (13%) | 3,758 (13%) | 10,753 (12%) | 8,993 (13%) | 1,760 (11%) | ||
| Region | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Northeast | 23,119 (20%) | 5,178 (19%) | 17,941 (21%) | 14,522 (21%) | 3,419 (21%) | ||
| Midwest | 23,039 (20%) | 4,855 (17%) | 18,184 (21%) | 15,350 (22%) | 2,834 (17%) | ||
| South | 46,323 (40%) | 12,089 (43%) | 34,234 (39%) | 28,283 (40%) | 5,951 (37%) | ||
| West | 22,399 (19%) | 5,775 (21%) | 16,624 (19%) | 12,622 (18%) | 4,002 (25%) | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 58,602 (50%) | 14,187 (50%) | 44,415 (50%) | 36,434 (51%) | 7,981 (49%) | ||
| 1 | 26,693 (23%) | 5,952 (21%) | 20,741 (24%) | 16,958 (24%) | 3,783 (23%) | ||
| 2 | 10,910(9.4%) | 2,375 (8.4%) | 8,535 (9.7%) | 6,863 (9.6%) | 1,672 (10%) | ||
| ≥3 | 20,094 (17%) | 5,633 (20%) | 14,461 (16%) | 11,590 (16%) | 2,871 (18%) | ||
| TNM stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Stage 1 | 40,233 (39%) | 5,900 (26%) | 34,333 (43%) | 26,798 (42%) | 7,535 (50%) | ||
| Stage 2 | 21,952 (21%) | 3,091 (14%) | 18,861 (24%) | 14,526 (23%) | 4,335 (29%) | ||
| Stage 3 | 21,336 (21%) | 6,179 (27%) | 15,157 (19%) | 12,912 (20%) | 2,245 (15%) | ||
| Stage 4 | 18,639 (18%) | 7,491 (33%) | 11,148 (14%) | 10,134 (16%) | 1,014 (6.7%) | ||
| MELD | <0.001 | 0.154 | |||||
| Median [IQR] | 12 [8, 19] | 16 [11, 24] | 11 [8, 16] | 11 [8, 17] | 11 [8, 16] | ||
| Tumor size, cm | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Median [IQR] | 4.2 [2.5, 7.2] | 5.7 [3.2, 9.2] | 3.9 [2.5, 6.7] | 4.0 [2.5, 7.0] | 3.2 [2.2, 5.0] | ||
| AFP | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Negative | 26,931 (29%) | 4,315 (21%) | 22,616 (31%) | 17,946 (30%) | 4,670 (34%) | ||
| Positive | 66,722 (71%) | 16,552 (79%) | 50,170 (69%) | 41,060 (70%) | 9,110 (66%) | ||
| Treatment | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Noncurative treatment | 55,095 (62%) | ‐ | 55,095 (62%) | 44,580 (62%) | 10,515 (64%) | ||
| Curative | 33,057 (38%) | ‐ | 33,057 (38%) | 27,265 (38%) | 5,792 (36%) | ||
| Liver transplant | 7,995 (24%) | 7,995 (24%) | 6,299 (23%) | 1,696 (29%) | |||
| Resection | 11,746 (36%) | 11,746 (36%) | 10,459 (38%) | 1,287 (22%) | |||
| Ablation | 13,316 (40%) | 13,316 (40%) | 10,507 (39%) | 2,809 (49%) | |||