TABLE 2.
The effects of MSCs on follicular development.
| Related gene/hormones/cytokines | Regulation of expression | Outcome of MSC treatment | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nanos3 | Up | Reducing atretic follicle and increasing antral follicle and secondary follicle | Lai et al. (2014) |
| Nobox | Up | ||
| Lhx8 | Up | ||
| Nanos3 | Up | Stimulating follicular development and resuming ovulation | Kim et al. (2018) |
| Nobox | Up | ||
| Lhx8 | Up | ||
| TGF-β | Up | Inhibiting follicular atresia and reducing the apoptosis of GCs in secondary follicles and cystic follicles | Knight and Glister (2006) |
| GDF-9 | Up | ||
| BMP-15 | Up | ||
| BMP-4 | Up | ||
| BMP-7 | Up | ||
| Foxo1 | Up | Recovering the suppressed folliculogenesis process and promoting egg formation | El-Derany et al. (2021) |
| Gdf-9 | Up | ||
| Fst | Up | ||
| TGF-β | Up | Promoting follicular growth | Song et al. (2018) |
| IFN-γ | Down | Inhibiting granulosa cell apoptosis | Zhao et al. (2018a) |
| AMH | Up | Increasing the number of follicles | Ling et al. (2017) |
| AMH | Up | Promoting follicular growth | Mohamed et al. (2018) |
| FOXO3a | Up | Promoting follicular development and maturation | Ding et al. (2018) |
| FOXO1 | Up |