TABLE 3.

Factors involved in the process of MSC treatment of POF.

Issues	Factors	Function	References
Follicular development	TGF-βs, AMH, BMPs, GDFs	Promoting follicular development.	Sanfins et al. (2018)
	TGF-β, GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-4, BMP-7, AMH	Reducing GC apoptosis and promoting GC proliferation.	Knight and Glister (2006)
	TGF-β	Recovering the suppressed folliculogenesis process.	El-Derany et al. (2021)
	TGF-β, IFN-γ	Promoting follicular growth.	Song et al. (2018)
	AMH	Inhibiting GC apoptosis and promoting follicular growth.	Ling et al. (2017)
Primordial germ cells	CD61, TGF-β	Promoting MSCs different into PGC-like cells.	Fang et al. (2017)
	BMP4	Inducing MSC into PGC-like cells	Wei et al. (2016)
Proliferation of GC	AMH	Inhibiting GC apoptosis.	Zhang et al. (2018)
	VEGF, HGF, IGF-1, Bcl-2	Reducing GC apoptosis and improving ovarian function.	Fu et al. (2008)
	HGF, EGF	Reducing apoptosis of ovarian GC.	Ding et al. (2018)
	PARP	Inhibiting ovarian follicular atresia and reducing GC apoptosis.	Sun et al. (2017)
	Bcl-2, AMH, FSHR, caspase-3	Promoting GC proliferation and inhibiting GC apoptosis.	Wang et al. (2020)
Angiogenesis	VEGF, HGF	Promoting ovarian angiogenesis.	Golocheikine et al. (2010)
	VEGF, HGF	Increasing vascular diameter.	Beilmann et al. (2004)
	VEGF, IGF-1, GCSF, HGF	Promoting ovarian angiogenesis and reducing interstitial fibrosis.	Wang et al. (2017)
	VEGF, FGF2	Stimulating neovascularization and increasing blood perfusion of the grafts.	Xia et al. (2015)
Immunomodulatory effect	IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4	Reducing GC apoptosis.	Lu et al. (2019)
Anti-inflammatory effect	PGE2, HGF, IL-6, TGF-1	Promoting GC proliferation.	Liang et al. (2018)
	IFN-γ, TGF-β	Improving ovarian function	Yin et al. (2018a)
Oxidative stress	HGF, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, BDNF, LIF	Increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting ROS production.	Amoroso et al. (2017)