Fig. 3.

Plate including three sets of long exposure photographs of observed flashing before (left), during (middle), and after (right) wire-directed impulse application. Series A highlights the current traversing the bone block through small discharges between it and the brass plate (white ellipse) with a particularly brighter flash (white circle), which resulted in singeing bone and surrounding soft tissues. Series B demonstrates the passage of the current within the bone or bone marrow cavity, resulting in a splitting of the bone section. Series C shows the extreme instantaneous fragmentation of the bone block as a result of the impulse application.