Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients, stratified by sepsis diagnosis
| Factor | All Cases (n=12,722) | Sepsis (n=531) |
Non-Sepsis (n=12191) |
OR (95%CI) or Difference (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 4,272 (33.6) | 224 (42) | 4048 (33) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) |
| Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 75.2 (65–90) | 75 (60–90) | 77 (70–90) | −2 (−4 – 0) |
| Habitus, n (%) | ||||
| Very Thin | 518 (4.1) | 54 (10) | 464 (4) | 2.9 (2.1–3.8) |
| Thin | 1,958 (15.4) | 97 (19) | 1861 (16) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Normal | 6,093 (47.9) | 183 (35) | 5910 (50) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) |
| Obese | 3,352 (26.3) | 143 (27) | 3209 (27) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3 |
| Morbidly Obese | 645 (5.1) | 48 (9) | 597 (5) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) |
| Emergency intubation (e.g., unable to pre-oxygenate), n (%) | 4,500 (35.4) | 130 (25) | 4370 (36) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7 |
| Oxygen saturation at start of intubation, median (IQR) | 100 (97–100) | 99 (95–100) | 100 (98–100) | 0 (0–0) |
| Pharmacologic method of Intubation, n (%) | ||||
| Sedation and Paralysis | 10,308 (81.0) | 496 (94) | 9812 (81) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) |
| Sedation only | 159 (1.2) | 17 (3.2) | 142 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.7–4.6) |
| Paralysis only | 381 (3.0) | 5 (0.9) | 376 (3.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
| Topical Anesthesia | 29 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 28 (0.2) | 0.8 (0–4.8) |
| Topical with Sedation | 29 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 29 (0.2) | 0 (0–3.0) |
| No Medications | 1,771 (13.) | 11 (2.1) | 1760 (14.5) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) |
| Route of Intubation, n (%) | ||||
| Nasal | 111 (0.9) | 5 (0.9) | 106 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) |
| Oral | 12,421 (97.6) | 517 (97.5) | 11904 (98.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) |
| Surgical | 132 (1.0) | 8 (1.5) | 124 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) |
| Pre-treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Atropine | 77 (0.6) | 5 (0.9) | 72 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.6–3.9) |
| Epinephrine | 55 (0.4) | 8 (1.5) | 47 (0.4) | 4.0 (1.9–8.4) |
| Fentanyl | 399 (3.1) | 9 (1.7) | 390 (3.2) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) |
| Lidocaine | 94 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 93 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.0–1.8) |
| Norepinephrine | 80 (0.6) | 33 (6.2) | 47 (0.4) | 17.1 (10.9–27.0) |
| Phenylephrine | 87 (0.7) | 28 (5.3) | 59 (0.5) | 11.4 (7.2–18.1) |
| Topical Anesthesia | 99 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 98 (0.8) | 0.2 (0–1.7) |
| No pre-treatment used | 9,931 (78.1) | 367 (69.1) | 9564 (78.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) |
| Primary Induction agenta, n (%) | ||||
| Etomidate | 8,809 (69.2) | 363 (70.8) | 8446 (84.6) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) |
| Ketamine | 1,310 (10.3) | 140 (27.3) | 1170 (11.7) | 2.8 (2.3–3.5) |
| Midazolam | 111 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) | 109 (1.1) | 0.4 (0–1.3) |
| Propofol | 271 (2.1) | 8 (1.6) | 263 (2.6) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
| No Induction used | 2,182 (17.2) | 17 (3.2) | 2165 (17.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
| Training Level, n (%) | ||||
| PGY1 | 1,337 (10.5) | 67 (12.9) | 1270 (10.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| PGY2 | 4,029 (31.7) | 174 (33.6) | 3855 (32.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| PGY3 | 4,997 (39.3) | 182 (35.1) | 4815 (40.5) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) |
| PGY4 | 1,131 (8.9) | 43 (8.3) | 1088 (9.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| PGY5 >= or fellow | 410 (3.2) | 25 (4.8) | 385 (3.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.5) |
| Attending | 495 (3.9) | 27 (5.2) | 468 (3.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) |
a
Proportions of patients receiving various induction agents are reported among those who received any induction agent, rather than among all patients.