Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| NC (n=118) | MCI (n=99) | ADclin (n=58) | lvPPA (n=15) | PCA (n=2) | CBS (n=79) | PSP (n=74) | bvFTD (n=62) | nfvPPA (n=32) | svPPA (n=27) | DLB (n=14) | TES (n=13) | All (n=593) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, M/F | 55/63 | 55/44 | 25/33 | 7/8 | 0/2 | 36/43 | 34/40 | 37/25 | 17/15 | 11/16 | 9/5 | 13/0 | 299/294 |
| Age, y | 60.9 (18) | 65.5 (13) | 65.3 (10) | 63.1 (9) | 57.6 (11) | 67.3 (8)a | 68.5 (7)a | 61.2 (10) | 69.8 (7)a | 70.0 (7)a | 69.3 (6) | 63.2 (13) | 64.3 (13) |
| APOE E4 positivity N/total N (%) | 31/109 (28%) | 31/92 (34%) | 37/58 (64%) | 7/14 (50%) | 2/2 (0%) | 11/42 (26%) | 11/53 (21%) | 7/40 (18%) | 5/28 (18%) | 8/27 (30%) | 4/13 (31%) | 3/13 (23%) | 155/491 (32%) |
| Disease severity | |||||||||||||
| CDR sum of boxes | 0 (0)b,c | 2 (1)a,c | 6 (3)a,b | 3 (2)a | 2 (0) | 4 (3)a,b,c | 4 (3)a,b | 7 (4)a,b | 3 (3)a,c | 6 (3)a,b | 5 (2)a,b | 4 (2)a | 3 (3) |
| N | 113 | 47 | 58 | 15 | 2 | 79 | 70 | 62 | 31 | 27 | 13 | 13 | 582 |
| SEADL, % | 100 (1) | 89 (18) | 73 (21) | 78 (13) | - | 55 (24)a,b | 49 (26)a,b | 50 (24)a,b | 67 (25)a | 58 (19)a,b | 55 (7) | - | 65 (29) |
| N | 55 | 20 | 3 | 4 | - | 65 | 64 | 48 | 22 | 17 | 2 | - | 300 |
| FAQ | 0 (0)b | 5 (4)a | 16 (8)a,b | 10 (7)a | 9 (8) | 12 (7)a,b | 14 (6)a,b | 18 (7)a,b | 11 (7)a | 16.0 (8)a,b | 15 (7)a,b | 10 (7)a | 10 (9) |
| N | 83 | 85 | 56 | 14 | 2 | 42 | 49 | 37 | 11 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 433 |
| GDS | 3 (3) | 8 (10) | 8 (5) | 14 (23)a | 4 (1) | 9 (11)a | 10 (7)a | 9 (17) | 13 (26)a | 7 (4) | 9 (7) | 10 (9) | 8 (11) |
| N | 103 | 87 | 49 | 13 | 2 | 65 | 60 | 52 | 20 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 486 |
| Neuropsychology | |||||||||||||
| MMSE | 29 (1)c | 27 (2)c | 19 (7)a,b | 22 (6)a,b | 25 (1) | 23 (6)a,b,c | 25 (4)a,c | 22 (8)a,b | 22 (6)a | 20 (8)a,b | 24 (2)c | 24 (7)a | 24 (6) |
| N | 82 | 86 | 54 | 14 | 2 | 40 | 49 | 37 | 11 | 27 | 13 | 12 | 427 |
| Imaging | |||||||||||||
| Total intracranial volume, L | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.4 (0) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.1)a,b,c | 1.5(0.2) |
| N | 118 | 87 | 55 | 15 | 2 | 68 | 65 | 51 | 31 | 26 | 7 | 11 | 536 |
| Bilateral hippocampal volume, mm3* | 5668 (606)b,c | 5292 (825)a,c | 4834 (698)a,b | 5014 (688)a | 5385 (478) | 5330 (717)a,c | 5287 (608)a,c | 4816 (763)a,b | 5341 (635)c | 4166 (760)a,b,c | 5802 (483)c | 5349 (1114)a | 5235 (793) |
| N | 118 | 87 | 55 | 15 | 2 | 68 | 65 | 51 | 31 | 26 | 7 | 11 | 536 |
| Amyloid-PET read, neg/pos (%positive) | 53/11 (17%) | 44/29 (40%) | 0/54 (100%) | 0/14 (100%) | 0/2 (100%) | 33/17 (34%) | 24/3 (11%) | 23/3 (12%) | 19/5 (21%) | 8/2 (20%) | 2/1 (33%) | 8/5 (38%) | 214/146 (41%) |
| N | 64 | 73 | 54 | 14 | 2 | 50 | 27 | 26 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 360 |
| FTP-PET temporal meta ROI SUVR | 1.1 (0.1)c | 1.4 (0.3)c | 2.0 (0.4)a,b | 2.3 (0.4)a,b | - | 1.4 (0.4)c | 1.2 (0.1)c | 1.2 (0.1)c | 1.1 (0.1)c | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.7 | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.5) |
| N | 8 | 46 | 50 | 15 | - | 34 | 24 | 19 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 230 |
| FTP-PET temporal meta ROI neg/pos(%positive) | 8/0 (0%) | 23/23 (50%) | 0/50 (100%) | 0/15 (100%) | - | 24/10 (29%) | 21/3 (13%) | 16/3 (16%) | 18/3 (14%) | 1/2 (67%) | 0/1 (100%) | 7/2 (22%) | 118/112 (49%) |
| N | 8 | 46 | 50 | 15 | - | 34 | 24 | 19 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 230 |
| Fluid biomarkers | |||||||||||||
| Plasma P-tau217, pg/mL** | 0.17 (0.1)b,c | 0.29 (0.3)a,c | 0.72 (0.4)a,b | 0.82 (0.2)a,b | 0.80 (0.3) | 0.27 (0.3)c | 0.17 (0.1)c | 0.20 (0.2)c | 0.15 (0.1)c | 0.23 (0.4)c | 0.18 (0.1)c | 0.25 (0.2) | 0.28 (0.3) |
| N | 118 | 99 | 58 | 15 | 2 | 79 | 74 | 62 | 32 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 593 |
| Plasma P-tau181, pg/mL** | 0.9 (1)b,c | 1.2 (1)a,c | 2.3 (1)a,b | 2.5 (1)a,b | 2.8 (1) | 1.1 (1)c | 1.0 (1)c | 1.0 (1)c | 0.7 (0)c | 1.1 (1)c | 1.0 (0)c | 1.0 (0) | 1.2 (1) |
| N | 118 | 99 | 58 | 15 | 2 | 79 | 74 | 62 | 32 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 593 |
| Plasma NfL, pg/mL** | 20.3 (26) | 19.3 (13) | 24.2 (12) | - | - | 51.2 (26)a,b,c | 41.4 (24)a,b | 55.9 (45)a,b,c | 46.4 (27)a | 59.9 (29)a,b,c | - | - | 34.3 (30) |
| N | 73 | 37 | 28 | - | - | 34 | 50 | 28 | 10 | 8 | - | - | 268 |
| CSF P-tau181, pg/mL** | 20.9 (8)b,c | 28.7 (12)a | 39.9 (18)a | - | - | 22.5 (15)c | 14.5 (5)b,c | 20.2 (11)b,c | 24.1 (7)c | 16.8 (3) | - | - | 23.4 (13) |
| N | 48 | 23 | 24 | - | - | 36 | 30 | 28 | 8 | 2 | - | - | 199 |
Values shown as mean (standard deviation). Abbreviations: ADclin, Clinical Alzheimer’s disease; APOE, apolipoprotein E; BNT, Boston Naming Test; bvFTD, behavioral variant FTD; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; CBD, corticobasal degeneration; FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire ; FTP-PET, 18F-Flortaucipir; GDS, Geriatric depression scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Test; NfL, neurofilament light chain; NC, Normal control; SEADL, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living; SUVR, Standardized Uptake Value Ratio; PET, positron emission tomography; P-tau, phosphorylated tau; PPA, primary progressive aphasia; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; TES, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. Amyloid status was based on visual read.
ANCOVA corrected for TIV,
ANCOVA corrected for age and sex
Indicates a statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05) with NC in ANCOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni)
p < 0.05 vs MCI
p < 0.05 vs ADclin