Dominant negative (DN) IRAK-1 and TRAF-6 but not MyD88 inhibit constitutively active RacV12-induced transactivation by p65. EL4.NOB-1 cells (7 × 106) were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding dominant negative (A) MyD88, (B) IRAK-1, and (C) TRAF-6 as indicated along with 2.5 μg of RacV12, 2.5 μg of β-galactosidase, 2.5 μg of Gal4-p65(1–551), and 5 μg of Gal4-luciferase. Following stimulation with IL-1 (10 ng/ml), extracts were prepared and measured for luciferase activity. Results are normalized for β-galactosidase activity and are represented as fold increase over nonstimulated empty vector control.