TABLE 1.
Demographics, clinical features, treatment modalities, and outcomes
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS | RESPONDERS | MEAN±SD | NON-RESPONDERS | MEAN±SD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
| Age, years | 47 | 51 | 66 | 69 | 58.3 ± 10.9 | 52 | 60 | 43 | 53 | 52.0 ± 7.0 |
| Sex | F | F | F | F | M | F | F | F | ||
| Dialysis modalities | HD | HD | HD | HD | HD | PD | HD | HD | ||
| Vintage, years | 14 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 5.8 ± 6.0 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 6.3 ± 2.2 |
| Comorbidities | DM, HTN, PAD, tertiary hyperparathyroidism | AKI, hypercalcemia (PTH independent) | DM,HTN | CA rectum, CA corpus, tertiary hyperparathyroidism | DM, CAD, AF, ITP | HTN, CA bladder, gastritis, tertiary hyperparathyroidism | SLE with LN class IV, AIHA, IE | DM, HTN, secondary hyperparathyroidism | ||
| Concomitant agents | VDA | - | - | - | Warfarin, CS, VDA | C-P binder, VDA | Warfarin, CS | VDA | ||
| Serum calcium, mg/dL | 11.1 | 18 | n/a | 7.6 | 12.2 ± 5.3 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 10.2 ± 0.8 |
| Serum phosphorus, mg/dL | 1.7 | 5.3 | n/a | 4.4 | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 8.7 | 8 | 5 | 5.5 | 6.8 ± 1.8 |
| Serum iPTH, pg/mL | 853.4 | 12.8 | n/a | 4629 | 853.4 (433.1-2741.2)b | 293.1 | 2738 | 73.5 | 1711 | 1203.9 (238.2-1967.8)b |
| Location of skin lesions | Distal LE | All extremities, trunk | Proximal and distal LE, trunk | Trunk | Distal LE | Proximal LE | Distal LE | Distal LE | ||
| Lesion characteristics | Gangrene | Ulcer with skin necrosis | n/a | Necrosis | Necrosis | Necrosis | Necrosis | Necrotic eschar | ||
| No. of weeks before STS | 18 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8.5 ± 6.6 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6.8 ± 3.9 |
| Time from STS to initial improvement, weeks | 30 | 19 | 24 | 8 | 20.3 ± 9.3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total duration of STS, weeks | 30 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 22.3 ± 6.1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 6.0 ± 3.5 |
| Cumulative dose, g | 1,125 | 2,320 | 1,800 | 1,575 | 1,611.3 ± 560.8 | 475 | 150 | 375 | 825 | 456.3 ± 280.9 |
| 12-month mortality | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| Time to death’, weeks | 129 | - | - | - | 5 | - | 5 | 11 | ||
| Additional treatments | DB, angioplasty with stent | DB, HBO (2 sessions), B | DB | Cinacalcet, parathyroidectomy | DB | Cinacalcet, parathyroidectomy | - | DB, parathyroidectomy | ||
F, female; M, male; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; PAD, peripheral artery disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CAD, coronary artery disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; ITP, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; LN, lupus nephritis; AIHA, autoimmune hemolytic anemia; VDA, vitamin D analog; CP binder, calcium-based phosphate binder; CS, corticosteroid; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; STS, sodium thiosulfate; LE, lower extremities; DB, debridement; B, bisphosphonate; HBO, hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
aTime measured from date of STS initiation.
bExpressed as median and interquartile range values.