Table 4.

Enriched metabolic pathways perturbed in pancreatic islets exposed to arsenicals

Codea	Treatment	Enriched Pathways	Direction of changeb	−log (p-value)c	FDRd
B	iAsIII	Glutamic acid pathways and transport	↓	5.0	2.6E-04
	MAsIII		↓	1.4	7.8E-02
	iAsIII	L-glutamate pathways and transport	↓	1.4	6.0E-02
	MAsIII		↓	1.4	7.4E-02
C	DMAsIII	(L)-carnitine pathway	↓	2.8	5.2E-03
	MAsIII		↓	3.0	1.1E-02
	DMAsIII	(L)-proline pathways and transport	↓	3.7	6.9E-04
	MAsIII		↑	2.8	2.5E-03
	DMAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Arginine metabolism and transport	↓	3.7	6.9E-04
	MAsIII		↓	1.6	6.3E-02
	DMAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Try, Phe, Tyr, Met metabolism and transport	↑	1.5	3.3E-02
	MAsIII		↓	1.3	8.4E-02
	DMAsIII	L-citrulline pathway	↓	5.6	2.1E-05
	MAsIII		↓	1.8	6.3E-02
	DMAsIII	Lipid metabolism: Glycosphingolipid metabolism	↓	1.8	3.2E-02
	MAsIII		↓	2.1	4.9E-02
	DMAsIII	Vitamin, mediator and cofactor metabolism: Nitric oxide biosynthesis and transport	↓	10.7	3.7E-10
	MAsIII		↓	3.7	4.2E-03
	DMAs	Amino acid metabolism: Ala, Ser, Cys, Met, His, Pro, Gly, Glu, Gln metabolism and transport	↓	1.8	3.2E-02
	MAsIII		↓	2.1	4.9E-02
D	DMAsIII	L-ornithine pathways and transport	↓	4.9	8.4E-05
	iAsIII		↓	2.6	1.4E-02
E	DMAsIII	(S)-citrulline pathway	↓	1.7	3.6E-02
	DMAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Try, Phe, Meth metabolism	↑	1.5	3.3E-02
	DMAsIII	Tyrosine pathway	↑	1.7	3.3E-02
F	iAsIII	Carbohydrate metabolism: Galactose metabolism and transport	↑e	1.4	5.8E-02
			↓f	1.6	5.6E-02
	iAsIII	Carbohydrate metabolism: Sucrose metabolism and transport	↑g	1.3	5.8E-02
			↓h	1.6	5.7E-02
	iAsIII	(L)-leucine pathways and transport	↓	3.1	1.1E-02
	iAsIII	(L)-valine pathways and transport	↓	2.9	1.1E-02
	iAsIII	1-acyl-glycerol 3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.7	5.1E-02
	iAsIII	1-docosahexaenoyl-glycerol_3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.4	6.0E-02
	iAsIII	1-icosatrienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.5	6.0E-02
	iAsIII	1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.5	6.0E-02
	iAsIII	1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.8	5.1E-02
	iAsIII	2-arachidonoyl-glycerol_3-phosphocholine pathway	↓	1.4	6.3E-02
	iAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Ala, Gly, Cys metabolism and transport	↓	2.7	1.4E-02
	iAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Branched-chain amino acid metabolism	↓	1.6	5.6E-02
	iAsIII	Carbohydrate metabolism: Fructose metabolism and transport	↑	3.3	2.4E-03
	iAsIII	GalNAcbeta1–3Gal pathway	↑	1.4	5.8E-02
	iAsIII	Glucosylceramide pathways and transport	↓	1.8	5.1E-02
	iAsIII	Sucrose pathway	↑	3.4	2.4E-03
	iAsIII	Vitamin, mediator and cofactor metabolism CoA biosynthesis and transport	↓	1.8	5.1E-02
G	MAsIII	(L)-lysine pathways and transport	↑	4.9	3.6E-05
	MAsIII	(L)-phenylalanine pathways and transport	↓	1.6	6.3E-02
	MAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Ala, Gly, Cys metabolism and transport	↓	1.5	6.3E-02
	MAsIII	Amino acid metabolism: Lysine metabolism and transport	↑	1.5	3.0E-02
	MAsIII	Glutamic acid pathway	↓	1.6	6.3E-02
	MAsIII	Methionine pathways and transport	↓	1.5	6.3E-02

^aCapital letters (A-G) correspond to the area codes shown in Venn diagram in Fig. 5b.

^b↑, up-regulation by arsenical treatment vs control; ↓, down-regulation by arsenical treatment vs control.

^cp-value was generated from the hypergeometric test in Metacore; it indicates the significance of enrichment of metabolites in pathway mapping.

^dFDR, false discovery rate.

^epathways associated with D-Sorbitol intracellular;

^fpathways associated with D-Galactose intracellular, D-Galactose extracellular region;

^gpathways associated D-Sucrose extracellular region;

^hD-Galactose intracellular, D-Galactose extracellular region.