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. 2021 Dec 13;13:781174. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.781174

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Copyright © 2021 Tröscher, Gruber, Wagner, Böhm, Wahl and von Oertzen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of longitudinal inflammatory changes after ischemic stroke: pathophysiological mechanisms and contributing inflammatory mediators are indicated at the respective time point after an ischemic infarct. The timely progression and difference of the inflammatory profile at the different stages after stroke are indicated in different colored waves. All pathophysiological mechanisms and inflammatory mediators contributing to epilepsy too are indicated in bold.IL, Interleukin; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; IFN, Interferon; MMP, Metalloproteinases; HMGB1,High-mobility group box 1; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation products; TLR, Toll-like receptor.