Table 1.
Sample means on monolingually scored and bilingually scored vocabulary by full sample, grade, and English proficiency status.
| Variables | Total |
Second grade |
Fourth grade |
EP |
LEP |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw |
Standard |
Raw |
Standard |
Raw |
Standard |
Raw |
Standard |
Raw |
Standard |
||||||
| M (SD) | n | M (SD) | n | M (SD) | n | M (SD) | n | M (SD) | n | ||||||
| Spanish-only vocabulary | |||||||||||||||
| Receptive | 58.22 (16.11) | 83.98 (18.98) | 58 | 53.91 (16.08) | 86.13 (19.48) | 32 | 63.54 (14.77) | 81.35 (18.37) | 26 | 61.50 (18.70) | 86.86 (21.51) | 22 | 56.22 (14.22) | 82.22 (17.33) | 36 |
| Expressive | 17.86 (5.06) | 50 (14.59) | 58 | 17.19 (5.26) | 51.09 (15.99) | 32 | 18.69 (4.76) | 48.65 (12.83) | 26 | 17.05 (5.74) | 48.46 (11.37) | 22 | 18.36 (4.61) | 50.94 (16.33) | 36 |
| English-only vocabulary | |||||||||||||||
| Receptive | 130.98 (19.96) | 92.56 (12.43) | 59 | 124.27 (14.91) | 94.06 (9.18) | 33 | 139.5 (22.48) | 90.65 (15.62) | 26 | 140.77 (21.79) | 98.32 (14.03) | 22 | 125.16 (16.49) | 89.14 (10.09) | 37 |
| Expressive | 28.97 (4.38) | 73.72 (13.84) | 58 | 27.47 (4.61) | 74.03 (15.07) | 32 | 30.81 (3.32) | 73.34 (12.44) | 26 | 30.90 (3.57) | 80.14 (11.23) | 22 | 27.78 (4.45) | 69.81 (13.94) | 36 |
| Conceptual vocabulary | |||||||||||||||
| Receptive | 113.81 (19.15) | 118.22 (14.95) | 59 | 108.18 (16.38) | 120.12 (11.86) | 33 | 120.96 (20.31) | 115.81 (18.11) | 26 | 122.73 (17.49) | 124.73 (13.58) | 22 | 108.51 (18.31) | 114.35 (14.54) | 37 |
| Expressive | 84.88 (13.82) | 111.76 (13.95) | 59 | 80.82 (10.95) | 104.85 (10.97) | 33 | 90.04 (15.51) | 107.85 (16.40) | 26 | 88.78 (14.81) | 114.73 (12.84) | 22 | 82.57 (12.85) | 110.00 (14.45) | 37 |
| Total vocabulary | |||||||||||||||
| Receptive | 192.27 (35.67) | — | 59 | 179.21 (28.84) | — | 33 | 208.85 (37.09) | — | 26 | 205.09 (38.00) | — | 22 | 184.65 (32.35) | — | 37 |
| Expressive | 122.34 (24.35) | — | 59 | 113.52 (17.10) | — | 33 | 133.54 (27.72) | — | 26 | 126.82 (25.00) | — | 22 | 119.68 (23.90) | — | 37 |
Note. Spanish-only and English-only receptive vocabulary were measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition and the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody. Spanish-only and English-only expressive vocabulary were measured with the Picture Vocabulary subtest and Vocabulario sobre Dibujos subtest of the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey-III. Conceptual and total vocabulary were measured with the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition: Spanish–Bilingual Edition and the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition: Spanish–Bilingual Edition. The em dashes indicate that “standard scores” do not apply to the receptive and expressive types of Total vocabulary. EP = English proficient; LEP = limited English proficient.