Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of standardized study measures.
| Measures | CHL M (SD) |
CNH M (SD) |
t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASL-2 GLAI | 91.65 (16.98) | 110.81 (11.48) | 4.341 | < .001 | 1.31 |
| WRMT-III total score | 105.71 (17.44) | 114.14 (16.67) | 1.601 | .117 | 0.49 |
| TWS-5 | 94.09 (15.07) | 101.10 (17.49) | 1.409 | .166 | 0.43 |
| PALS-K Developmental Spelling a | 14.48 (7.02) | 17.38 (3.72) | 1.734 | .092 | 0.51 |
Note. CHL = children with hearing loss; CNH = children with normal hearing; CASL-2 = Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language–Second Edition (Carrow-Woolfolk, 2017); GLAI = General Language Ability Index; WRMT-III = Woodcock Reading Mastery Test–Third Edition; TWS-5 = Test of Written Spelling–Fifth Edition; PALS-K = Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening–Kindergarten.
a
Raw score; max score = 20. All others are standard scores.