TABLE 3.

Modifications of TBK1 in regulating IFN-I production.

Target protein	PTM sites	PTM	Enzymes	Function	References
TBK1	K30/401	Ubiquitination (K63)	RNF128	Activates TBK1	Song et al., 2016
	K670	Deubiquitination (K33)	USP38	Induces subsequence ubiquitination	Lin et al., 2016
	K670	Ubiquitination (K48)	DTX4 and TRIP	Promotes TBK1 degradation	Lin et al., 2016
	K30/401	Deubiquitination (K63)	USP15	Represses TBK1 activation	Huang et al., 2020
	K344	Ubiquitination (K27)	NEDD4	Induces selective autophagy of TBK1	Xie et al., 2021
	K241/692	Deacetylation	HDAC3	Enables TBK1 kinase activity	Tang et al., 2021
	C637	S-glutathionylation	GSTM1	Inhibits TBK1 phosphorylation	Wang et al., 2020b
	W354/394	Tyrosine-phosphorylation	Lck/Hck/Fgr	Impedes TBK1 activation	Liu et al., 2017