TABLE 5.

Viral proteins involved in cGAS-STING cascade signaling.

Genre	Genome	Virus	Viral protein	Target proteins	Function	References
Deubiquitinase (DUB)	DNA	HCMV	pUL48	STING	Deubiquitination	Kumari et al., 2017
		HSV-1	VP1-2	STING		Bodda et al., 2020
			UL36USP	IκBα		Ye et al., 2017
	RNA	TGEV	PL1	STING		Hu et al., 2017
		SARS-CoV	PLpro	STING-TRAF3-TBK1 complex		Chen et al., 2014
		SARS-CoV2	PLpro	IRF3	De-ISGylation	Shin et al., 2020
Tegument protein	DNA	VZV	ORF9	cGAS	Restricts cGAS-DNA condensates	Xu G. et al., 2021
		HSV-1	UL37	cGAS	Impairs cGAMP synthesis	Zhang et al., 2018
			UL46	TBK1	Inhibits TBK1 dimerization	You et al., 2019
			UL41	cGAS	Degrades cGAS mRNA	Su and Zheng, 2017
			VP22	cGAS	Restrains cGAS catalyze activity	Huang et al., 2018
			ORF52/VP22	cGAS	Inhibits cGAS-DNA phase separation	Xu G. et al., 2021
		HCMV	UL23	STAT1	Impedes STAT1 phosphorylation	Feng et al., 2021
			UL94	STING	Inhibits STING dimerization	Zou et al., 2020
			pp65	cGAS	Hampers cGAMP synthesis	Biolatti et al., 2018
		GPCMV	GP83	cGAS	Inhibits cGAS activity	Choi et al., 2021
Accessory protein	DNA	HSV-1	Us11	Hsp90	Restricts Hsp90-TBK1 complex formation	Liu et al., 2018
	RNA	SCoV2	ORF3a	STING	Obstructs STING triggered NF-κB activation	Rui et al., 2021
			ORF9b	TBK1	Decreases TBK1 phosphorylation	Han et al., 2021
		HIV-2, SIV	Vpx	STING	Diminishes STNG function in NF-κB initiation	Su et al., 2019
		HIV-1	Vpr	Karyopherins	Dampens IRF3 and NF-kB nuclear translocation	Khan et al., 2020