Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the factors associated with colistin-induced AKI.

Variable	Crude HR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p value
Age (every 1-year increase)	1.02 (1.02–1.03)	<0.001	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	<0.001
CKD (with/without)	1.87 (1.43–2.43)	<0.001	0.95 (0.65–1.39)	0.806
Vancomycin (with/without)	1.38 (1.09–1.74)	0.008	1.37 (1.08–1.75)	0.011
ACEI (with/without)	1.93 (0.91–4.11)	0.087	2.30 (1.06–4.99)	0.036
ARB (with/without)	8.56 (1.18–62.0)	0.034	7.72 (1.04–57.1)	0.045
Diuretics (with/without)	1.47 (1.14–1.89)	0.003	1.31 (1.01–1.70)	0.041
Baseline total bilirubin level (every increase of 1 mg/dL)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.003	1.03 (1.01–1.06)	0.006
Septic shock (with/without)	0.77 (0.59–1.02)	0.065	1.21 (0.89–1.63)	0.224
Lactate >18 mg/dL (with/without)	1.75 (1.31–2.34)	<0.001	1.34 (0.98–1.82)	0.065
AKI before colistin administration (with/without)	2.22 (1.73–2.85)	<0.001	1.68 (1.22–2.32)	0.001
AKI with oliguria ≥2 hours before colistin administration	4.04 (2.13–7.67)	<0.001	2.91 (1.46–5.80)	0.002
Daily dose/IBW of colistin (every increase of 1 mg/kg)	0.92 (0.85–0.99)	0.037	1.12 (1.01–1.23)	0.027
Total dose/IBW of colistin (every increase of 1 mg/kg)	0.994 (0.990–0.998)	0.002	0.996 (0.992–1.001)	0.132

Note. AKI: acute kidney injury, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, CKD: chronic kidney disease, ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blockade, and IBW: ideal body weight.