. 2021 Dec 14;12:742669. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.742669

Table 2.

Metabolites of cortisol and cortisone of the T1DM and control groups.

Metabolite	Group	Group effect	Group effect adjusted for STAI score
F/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	4.5 [3.8;5.3]	4.7 [3.8;5.7]
F/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	5.2 [4.6;5.8]	5.3 [4.6;6.1]
E/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	11.1 [9.5;12.6]	11.0 [9.1;12.8]
E/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	11.2 [10.0;12.3]	11.3 [9.9;12.7]
β-THF/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	111 [98;127]	107 [89;125]
β-THF/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	95 [84;107]	91 [78;105]
α-THF/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	30.4 [25.9;34.8]	30.3 [25.2;35.4]
α-THF/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	25.3 [22.0;28.7]	24.2 [20.3;28.1]
THE/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	355 [317;392]***	338 [293;383]***
THE/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	256 [227;284]	261 [227;296]
α-cortol/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	9.22 [7.41;11.03]	9.26 [7.76;10.76]*
α-cortol/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	11.3 [9.98;12.71]	10.8 [9.71;11.99]
β-cortol/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	24.6 [20.7:28.5]**	23.0 [18.7:27.4]**
β-cortol/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	25.6 [22.6;28.5]	25.7 [22.4;29.0]
α-cortolone/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	79.7 [70.1;89.4]	75.9 [65.2;86.5]
α-cortolone/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	78.8 [71.5;86.1]	81.2 [73.1;89.3]
β-cortolone/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	58.8 [52.1;65.5]	54.5 [47.0;62.0]
β-cortolone/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	45.9 [40.8;50.9]	47.9 [42.2;53.6]
Total cortisol metabolites/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	173 [146;200]	175 [152;198]
Total cortisol metabolites/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	146 [127;166]	157 [140;175]
Total glucocorticoid metabolites/cr (µg/mmol)	Control	676 [606;745]*	655 [576;734]*
Total glucocorticoid metabolites/cr (µg/mmol)	T1DM	564 [513;616]	560 [500;620]
(α+β)-THF/THE Reflecting 11β-HSD1 activity	Control	0.42 [0.38;0.46]*	0.42 [0.37;0.47]*
(α+β)-THF/THE Reflecting 11β-HSD1 activity	T1DM	0.48 [0.45;0.51]	0.47 [0.43;0.50]
E/F Reflecting 11β-HSD2 activity	Control	2.53 [2.26;2.89]*	2.38 [2.08;2.77]*
E/F Reflecting 11β-HSD2 activity	T1DM	2.17 [2.01;2.35]	2.07 [1.89;2.28]
(α+β)-THF/F Reflecting 5(α+β) reductase activity	Control	37.4 [32.7;42.1]**	34.5 [29.4;39.7]**
(α+β)-THF/F Reflecting 5(α+β) reductase activity	T1DM	28.2 [24.7;31.8]	26.3 [22.4;30.2]
α-THF/F Reflecting 5α reductase activity	Control	8.11 [6.95;9.27]***	7.62 [6.43;8.81]**
α-THF/F Reflecting 5α reductase activity	T1DM	5.62 [4.76;6.47]	5.32 [4.42;6.22]
sF T0 (nmol/l)	Control	3.65 [3.02;4.28]	3.61 [3.02;4.37]
sF T0 (nmol/l)	T1DM	3.51 [3.03;3.98]	3.59 [2.81;4.21]
sF T30 (nmol/l)	Control	4.16 [3.38;4.94]	4.36 [3.43;5.28]
sF T30 (nmol/l)	T1DM	4.49 [3.92;5.05]	4.58 [3.88;5.28]
sF Delta T30-T0 (nmol/l)	Control	0.30 [-0.54;1.13]	0.71 [0.34;1.66]
sF Delta T30-T0 (nmol/l)	T1DM	1.14 [0.52;1.76]	1.00 [-0.15;1.57]
sE T0 (nmol/l)	Control	15.3 [13.5;17.0]	15.0 [14.7;15.3]
sE T0 (nmol/l)	T1DM	13.9 [12.5;16.0]	13.9 [13.7;14.2]
sE T30 (nmol/l)	Control	16.0 [14.4;19.1]	16.7 [16.4;17.1]
sE T30 (nmol/l)	T1DM	17.8 [16.0;19.5]	17.4 [17.1;17.7]
sE Delta T30-T0 (nmol/l)	Control	1.42 [-0.66;3.50]*	1.63 [1.30;1.96]*
sE Delta T30-T0 (nmol/l)	T1DM	4.42 [2.82;6.07]	4.21 [3.93;4.48]
sE/sF T0 ratio	Control	5.23 [4.34;6.13]	5.05 [4.91;5.18]
sE/sF T0 ratio	T1DM	4.68 [4.17;5.19]	4.73 [4.64;4.82]
sE/sF T30 ratio	Control	4.99 [4.19;5.79]	4.88 [4.76;5.00]
sE/sF T30 ratio	T1DM	4.50 [4.03;4.96]	4.58 [4.50;4.67]

Group differences in metabolic data were evaluated with a logistic regression model, adjusted for the STAI trait scale score. Data are expressed as mean [95% confidential interval].

T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; F, cortisol; E, cortisone; THF, tetrahydrocortisol; THE, tetrahydrocortisone; sF, salivary cortisol; sE, salivary cortisone;/cr, to creatinine; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait scale only). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.