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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 3;74(1):28–32. doi: 10.1002/art.41924

Table 2.

Adjusted incident rate ratios of having a flare requiring treatment by demographic and clinical characteristics

aIRR (95% CI) p-value
Age, >55 0.79 (0.57–1.11) 0.2
Sex, female 1.79 (0.86–3.72) 0.1
Race, white 1.86 (0.93–3.7) 0.1
Vaccine, Pfizer 0.98 (0.72–1.32) 0.9
Flare in 6 months prior to vaccine 2.36 (1.66–3.36) <0.001
Prior SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis 2.09 (1.21–3.60) 0.008
Diagnoses
 Inflammatory arthritis1 1.06 (0.78–1.43) 0.7
 Systemic lupus erythematosus 1.00 (0.69–1.46) >0.9
 Sjogren’s syndrome 0.98 (0.48–2.00) >0.9
 Myositis 0.82 (0.38–1.79) 0.6
 Vasculitis 1.58 (0.79–3.17) 0.2
 Systemic sclerosis 1.31 (0.36–4.76) 0.7
 Overlap connective tissue disease2 0.85 (0.57–1.27) 0.4
Therapy
 Conventional DMARD3 0.52 (0.34–0.80) 0.003
 Biologic 4 0.60 (0.39–0.93) 0.02
 Glucocorticoid monotherapy5 1.59 (0.75–3.34) 0.2
 Immunoregulatory monotherapy6 - -
 Combination therapy7 1.95 (1.41–2.68) <0.001
1

Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease associated arthritis

2

Overlap denotes a combination of two or more of the above conditions

3

Azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, methotrexate, mycophenolate, sulfasalazine, and tacrolimus

4

Abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, baricitinib, belimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, rituximab, secukinumab, tocilizumab, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, and ustekinumab

5

Prednisone and prednisone equivalents

6

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), a p-value was not calculated as sample too small

7

Denotes cDMARD and biologic and/or glucocorticoid, or biologic and glucocorticoid