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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2021 Aug 19;17(1-2):144–166. doi: 10.1177/15562646211038819

Table 3.

Participant Demographics.

Participant demographics

Midwest Northeast-E Northeast-S All Study Groups

Race
 American Indian/Alaskan native 1 (0.5%) 3 (1.5%) 2 (2.0%) 6 (1.2%)
 Asian 20 (9.8%) 5 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (5.0%)
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
 African American 32 (15.7%) 47 (24.0%) 0 (0.0%) 79 (15.8%)
 Caucasian 136 (66.7%) 14 (7.1%) 4 (4.0%) 154 (30.7%)
 More than one race 6 (2.9%) 30 (15.3%) 20 (19.8%) 56 (11.2%)
 Other 6 (2.9%) 89 (45.4%) 69 (68.3%) 164 (32.7%)
 Not reported 3 (1.5%) 7 (3.6%) 6 (5.9%) 16 (3.2%)
Ethnicity
 Hispanic 18 (8.8%) 127 (64.8%) 99 (98.0%) 244 (48.7%)
 Not Hispanic 181 (88.7%) 59 (30.1%) 1 (1.0%) 241 (48.1%)
 Not reported 5 (2.5% 10 (5.1%) 1 (1.0%) 16 (3.2%)
Age
 Mean 49.6 42.9 51.4 47.4
 Median 53 43 53 49
 Range 18–84 18–79 20–80 18–84
Income
 <$50,000 69 (33.8%) 153 (78.1%) 60 (59.4%) 282 (56.3%)
 ≥$50,000 124 (60.8%) 26 (13.3%) 5 (5.0%) 155 (30.9%)
 Not reported 11 (5.4%) 17 (8.7%) 36 (35.6%) 64 (12.8%)
Education
 High school or less 15 (7.4%) 79 (40.3%) 68 (67.3%) 162 (32.3%)
 Beyond high school 186 (91.2%) 116 (59.2%) 32 (31.7%) 339 (67.7%)

Note. Northeast-E = English-speaking Northeast; Northeast-S = Spanish-speaking Northeast.