Table 2.
Risk factors of Ischemic stroke and its pathophysiologic subtypes
| Risk factor | All Ischemic strokes | Small-vessel ischemic stroke | Large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke | Cardio-embolic stroke | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | PAR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | PAR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | PAR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | PAR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 0.60(0.35,1.01) | −25.6(−61.8,10.7) | 0.38(0.17–0.85) | −61.6(−14.5 – 22.7) | 1.78(0.43–7.29) | 15.6(−13.3 –44.4) | 1.00(0.16–6.25) | −21.0(−108.2–107.8) |
| Educational attainment | 1.30(0.92,1.82) | 18.9(−2.6,40.5) | 1.90(1.09–3.33) | 39.7(14.3–65.1) | 1.56(0.70–3.47) | 29.9(−12.8–72.7) | 1.44(0.36–5.73) | 26.1(−92.8–14.0) |
| Hypertension | 10.34(6.91,15.45) | 85.3(81.2,89.5) | 13.98(7.18–27.22) | 88.8(83.8–93.9) | 6.87(2.75–17.19) | 79.6(65.9–93.2) | 8.24(2.08–32.61) | 80.9(65.5–96.4) |
| Dyslipidemia | 5.16(3.78,7.03) | 71.0(65.5,76.6) | 8.49(4.89–14.73) | 79.3 (72.7–85.8) | 2.66(1.26–5.62) | 53.1(27.4–78.7) | 4.71(1.61–13.82) | 68.4(47.1–89.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.44(2.60,4.56) | 29.5(25.6,33.4) | 3.71(2.43–5.66) | 30.7(25.0–36.3) | 4.68(2.09–10.44) | 32.5(24.6–40.5) | 2.57(1.00–6.68) | 25.2(7.2–43.2) |
| Obesity | 0.77(0.59,1.02) | −6.6(−14.6,1.3) | 0.72(0.47–1.09) | −8.7(−20.2–3.1) | 0.84(0.37–1.94) | −4.7(−32.3–22.9) | 0.44(0.16–1.16) | −35.2(−97.7–27.3) |
| Cigarette smoking | 1.79(0.75,4.26) | 1.3(−0.2,2.8) | 1.14(0.33–3.94) | 0.3(−1.9–2.5) | 1.53(0.13–18.44) | 1.0(−3.3–5.3) | 17.6(0.15–20.71) | 1.7(0.4–2.9) |
| Stress | 1.62(1.18,2.21) | 9.0(4.3,13.6) | 1.79(1.09–2.94) | 10.6(3.5–17.7) | 1.75(0.77–3.96) | 10.3(−0.9–21.5) | 0.59(0.19–1.84) | −21.1(−68.4–26.1) |
| Cardiac disease | 1.88(1.22,2.90) | 5.7(2.5,8.8) | 0.77(0.38–1.56) | −2.1(−9.8–5.7) | 1.67(0.56–5.05) | 4.2(−3.8–12.1) | 16.46(3.46–78.18) | 34.6(28.6–40.6) |
| Alcohol | 1.12(0.77,1.61) | 1.7(−4.0,7.4) | 0.83(0.53–1.31) | −7.2(−27.0–12.6) | 0.78(0.35–1.73) | −9.0(−43.2–25.2) | 1.47(0.53–4.05) | 12.4(−16.7–41.5) |
| Meat consumption | 1.89(1.45,2.46) | 33.5(23.2,43.9) | 1.82(1.19–2.79) | 31.3(15.6–47.0) | 2.26(1.13–4.51) | 41.3(20.5–62.1) | 1.75(0.67–4.59) | 27.2(−6.0–60.3) |
| Low Vegetable consumption | 2.11(1.59,2.80) | 16.4(11.9,20.8) | 2.44(1.53–3.91) | 16.8(11.1–22.5) | 1.93(0.95–3.90) | 14.1(2.7–25.5) | 2.05(0.74–5.71) | 14.0(0.2–27.7) |
| Physical inactivity | 0.65(0.32,1.29) | −1.5(−4.9,1.8) | 0.66(0.22–2.00) | −1.5(−6.4–3.5) | 0.29(0.04–2.29) | 2.8(−11.4–5.9) | 1.07(0.18 –6.53) | 0.6(−7.5–8.2) |
| Salt intake | 1.54(0.94,2.53) | 2.3(0.3,4.4) | 1.78(0.90–3.55) | 3.9(0.3–7.5) | 0.76(0.09–6.66) | −0.9(−9.3–7.4) | 4.69(0.78–28.34) | 6.2(2.3–10.2) |
| Income | 1.72(1.24,2.39) | 10.8(5.8,15.9) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Composite PAR | 90.6(86.4,94.7) | 88.1(81.0–95.2) | 89.2(78.6–99.9) | 85.3(63.9–106.6) | ||||
Note: The analyses were adjusted for all the factors included in the table