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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Oct 21;30(1):160–171. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.004

Figure 6. AMPK mediated the effect of berberine on relieving pain through improving spontaneous activities in post-traumatic OA.

Figure 6.

The LABORAS system was used to evaluate spontaneous pain biweekly after DMM surgery in WT and AMPKα1 KO mice with and without berberine chloride (BBR) treatment (mice with sham surgery were included as controls) as described in the Methods (n=8 for each time point per group), which included travel distance (A, B), average walking speed (C, D), rear frequency (E, F), and rearing duration (G, H). Sham control group were included only for reference. Statistical analysis was conducted using Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test for A, C, E, G, and Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons for B, D. F, H (comparing DMM with DMM+BBR at each time point). The data were expressed as mean±SEM. Only p values with significance were indicated in the figures.