Table 3.

The role and mechanisms of macrophage polarization in viral hepatitis.

Regulation Factor	Research objects	Macrophage polarization	Mechanisms	Year and Country	Reference
Alleviating hepatotropic virus infection
Scavenger receptor-AI	Mice, cells	M2↑	MerTK↑, mTOR pathway↓	2017, America	(118)
Alleviating HBV infection
Hepatitis B Core Antigen	Patient samples, cells	M2↓	TLR2/NF-κB pathway↑; STAT6↓	2020, China	(109)
HBV-miR-3	Patient samples, cells	M1↑	SOCS5↓; JAK/STA T signaling pathway↑	2020, China	(110)
Aggravating HCV infection
HCV antigens	Patient samples, cells	M1↓	A20/A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB binding protein↑; NF-κB signaling↓	2015, China	(119)
HCV core protein	Patient samples, cells	M1↓; M2↓	TLR2 signaling↑; STAT1↓, STAT3↓	2016, China	(116)
HCV single-stranded RNA	Patient samples, cells	M2↑	TLR7/8 signaling↑	2017, America	(120)
HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein	Cells	M2↑	STAT1↓; STAT3↑	2019, America	(121)