| Xu et al. [160]
|
anti-RBD nanobodies isolated from llamas and from engineered mice neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants |
In picomolar range |
| Güttler et al. [161]
|
The nanobodies bound the open and closed states of the Spike protein and interacted tightly with RBD domain. The nanobodies were found to be highly thermo stable at 95 °C |
17–50 pM |
| Sziemel et al. [162]
|
Recombinant alpaca antibodies neutralized live virus of B.1.351 variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2 |
IC50< 3nM |
| Custódio et al. [163]
|
Nanobodies, Sb23, isolated from a synthetic library, sybodies (Sb), targeted the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and able to neutralized pseudoviruse |
IC50 of 0.6µg/mL |
| Ye et al. [164]
|
The nanobody Nanosota-1 can bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein thus blocking out ACE2 binding to the RBD. Single dose of Nanosota-1 showed therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
Neutralization dose 50% (ND50) of 0.16 µg/mL |
| Pymm et al. [158]
|
Nanobody cocktails administered prophylactically reduced viral loads and infection in mice challenged with the N501Y D614G SARS-CoV-2 virus variant |
half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.1 nM |
| Hanke et al. [165]
|
The alpaca derived nanobody, Ty1, prevented binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to its host cell receptor ACE2. The Ty1 nanobody can easily be expressed in bacteria with very high yield (>30 mg/L culture) |
IC50 of 0.77 µg/mL (54nM) |
| Nambulli et al. [166]
|
Pittsburgh inhalable Nanobody 21 (PiN-21), which can be delivered intranasally, prevented and treated SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters |
0.2 mg/kg |
| Esparza et al. [167]
|
NIH-CoVnb-112 nanobody blocked SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus infection of HEK293 cells expressing human ACE2 |
EC50 of 0.3µg/mL |
| Xiang et al. [168]
|
The nanobodies showed very high affinity (~10 pM) with RBD of spike protein and able to neutralize pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 |
half-maximal inhibitory concentration as low as 0.058 ng/mL) |
| Koenig et al. [169]
|
Nanobodies able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2–pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus |
IC50 value of 60 nM |
| Lu et al. [170]
|
Nanobodies Nb91-hFc and Nb3-hFc against spike protein and its RBD domain neutralized spike pseudotyped viruses in vitro |
IC50 of 1.54 nM |
