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. 2021 Dec 14;14:705023. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.705023

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Copyright © 2021 Sunagawa, Takayama, Kato, Tanaka, Fukuoka, Okumo, Tsukada and Yamaguchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms of action of Yokukansan for neuropathic pain. Several different mechanisms of action may act on neurotransmission in the spinal dorsal horn. (1) Attenuation of excessive glutamate release from presynaptic neurons. (2) Promotion of the uptake of glutamate into astrocytes. (3) Antagonistic effect on the glutamate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (4) Agonistic effect on the GABA_A receptor. (5) Inhibition of the activation of glia cells (microglia and astrocyte). (6) Agonistic effect on the serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor. YKS, Yokukansan; AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor.