Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 187 patients at first decompensation
| Total, N = 187 | N | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 71.4 ± 11.3 | 187 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 125 (66.8) | 187 |
| White | 183 (97.9) | 187 |
| Aetiology | 187 | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 83 (44.4) | |
| Dilated CM | 32 (17.1) | |
| Hypertensive | 17 (9.1) | |
| Alcohol CM | 6 (3.2) | |
| Drug‐induced CM a | 5 (2.7) | |
| Valvular | 19 (10.2) | |
| Hypertrophic CM | 6 (3.2) | |
| Other | 19 (10.2) | |
| HF duration (months) | 61.0 (26.9–127.5) | 187 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 187 | |
| I–II | 67 (35.8) | |
| III–IV | 120 (64.2) | |
| CDSS score | 1.75 ± 1.04 | 187 |
| LVEF (%) | 42.5 ± 14.3 | 187 |
| COPD, n (%) | 37 (19.8) | 187 |
| Hypertension | 134 (71.7) | 187 |
| Diabetes | 102 (54.5) | 187 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter, n (%) | 78 (41.7) | 187 |
| Anaemia b | 109 (58.3) | 182 |
| Renal insufficiency c , n (%) | 125 (66.8) | 187 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.2 | 181 |
| Systolic pressure (mm) | 122.8 ± 20.2 | 187 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 75.4 ± 15.7 | 187 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 69 (52–105) | 187 |
| Na (mEq/L) | 137.8 ± 3.2 | 186 |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 185 |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/L) | 6,792 ± 8,478 | 183 |
| sST2 (ng/mL) | 75.4 ± 56.2 | 135 |
| CA125 (U/mL) | 61.1 ± 81.3 | 123 |
| Treatments | 187 | |
| ACEI or ARB | 132 (70.6) | |
| Sacubitril/Valsartan | 33 (17.6) | |
| Beta‐blockers | 165 (88.2) | |
| MRA | 112 (59.9) | |
| Loop diuretics | 157 (84.0) | |
| Digoxin | 34 (18.2) | |
| Ivabradine | 28 (15.0) | |
| CRT | 27 (14.4) | |
| ICD | 39 (20.9) |
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CA125, cancer antigen 125; CDSS, HF clinical disease severity score; CM, cardiomyopathy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; sST2, soluble interleukin‐1 receptor‐like 1.
Data in mean ± SD, median (Q1–Q3), or n (%).
Chemotherapy agents.
Haemoglobin < 120 g/L in women and <130 g/L in men.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2.