Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the validation cohort of all comers with HF
| Validation cohort (N = 387) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 387) | Survivors (N = 307) | Non‐survivors (N = 80) | |
| Demography and risk factors | |||
| Age (years) at sampling | 59.56 ± 16.01 | 56.93 ± 15.95 | 69.64 ± 11.75**** |
| Male/female (%) | 69/31 | 68/32 | 70/30 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 26.0 ± 4.3 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 233/387 (60.2%) | 179/307 (58.3%) | 54/80 (67.5%) |
| AHT | 214/387 (55.3%) | 173/307 (56.4%) | 41/80 (51.3%) |
| CAD | 101/387 (26.1%) | 68/307 (22.2%) | 33/80 (41.3%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 88/387 (22.7%) | 62/307 (20.2%) | 26/80 (32.5%) |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEDD (mm) | 58.2 ± 11.3 | 58.4 ± 11.2 | 57.8 ± 11.7 |
| LVESD (mm) | 47.1 ± 12.9 | 47.5 ± 12.9 | 45.7 ± 13.0 |
| LVEF (%) | 39.9 ± 18.0 | 40.2 ± 17.9 | 38.8 ± 18.2 |
| HFpEF (%) | 40.6% | 38.8% | 46.2% |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 17.3 ± 7.8 | 16.9 ± 7.8 | 18.8 ± 7.5 |
| LVESP (mmHg) | 117.3 ± 24.2 | 117.2 ± 24.2 | 117.7 ± 24.4 |
| LVdevP (mmHg) | 100.1 ± 24.3 | 100.4 ± 24.2 | 98.7 ± 24.6 |
| LVEDVI (mL/m2) | 108.2 ± 42.9 | 107.4 ± 42.2 | 111.4 ± 46.1 |
| LVESVI (mL/m2) | 68.0 ± 41.4 | 67.0 ± 40.5 | 72.6 ± 45.0 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 122.7 ± 43.1 | 118.5 ± 38.0 | 137.9 ± 55.6 |
| AP mean (mmHg) | 24.1 ± 9.7 | 23.4 ± 9.8 | 26.7 ± 9.2** |
| RV syst (mmHg) | 38.2 ± 12.4 | 37.1 ± 12.0 | 42.5 ± 13.0** |
| RV diast (mmHg) | 8.4 ± 5.1 | 8.0 ± 4.8 | 9.8 ± 6.0* |
| Mean PCWP (mmHg) | 15.3 ± 8.1 | 14.5 ± 8.0 | 18.0 ± 7.9*** |
| TAPSE (mm) | 18.0 ± 5.0 | 18.0 ± 5.0 | 18.1 ± 5.0 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| WBC (n/μL) | 7986 ± 2435 | 7938 ± 2295 | 8166 ± 2918 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.0**** |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 66.9 ± 19.3 | 70.6 ± 16.6 | 53.8 ± 22.3**** |
| SGPT (ALT) (U/L) | 40.1 ± 52.5 | 39.6 ± 47.1 | 42.0 ± 69.3 |
| SGOT (AST) (U/L) | 34.6 ± 46.3 | 33.3 ± 44.5 | 39.2 ± 52.7 |
| Fe (μg/dL) | 81.3 ± 42.1 | 84.1 ± 42.7 | 72.1 ± 39.2 |
| sFerritin (μg/L) | 286.4 ± 322.9 | 285.9 ± 344.0 | 288.3 ± 225.5 |
| sCHOL (mg/dL) | 169.4 ± 43.9 | 173.5 ± 43.4 | 153.8 ± 42.7*** |
| ST2 (ng/mL) | 42.1 ± 38.1 | 39.0 ± 34.9 | 54.2 ± 46.9**** |
| CRP (mg/L) | 16.1 ± 40.3 | 15.8 ± 43.3 | 17.1 ± 25.7**** |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/L) | 4018 ± 5946 | 3205 ± 4920 | 7181 ± 8187**** |
| hsTnT (ng/L) | 92.1 ± 186.6 | 91.6 ± 199.1 | 94.8 ± 96.8**** |
| SERPINA3 (μg/mL) | 375.8 ± 186.8 | 364.0 ± 185.8 | 421.0 ± 184.6*** |
| Medication | |||
| Beta‐blockers | 266/387 (68.7%) | 214/307 (69.7%) | 52/80 (65.0%) |
| ACE/ARB | 249/387 (64.3%) | 199/307 (64.8%) | 50/80 (62.5%) |
| Mineralkortikoid blocker | 263/387 (68.0%) | 203/307 (66.1%) | 60/80 (75.0%) |
| Diuretics | 216/387 (55.8%) | 159/307 (51.8%) | 57/80 (71.2%) |
AHT, arterial hypertension; AP, pulmonary artery pressure; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Fe, iron; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; hsTnT, high sensitivity troponin T; LVdevP, left ventricular developed pressure; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEDP, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure; LVEDVI, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVESP, left ventricular end systolic pressure; LVESVI, left ventricular end systolic volume index; LV Mass Index, left ventricular mass index; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RV diast, right ventricle diastolic pressure; RV syst, right ventricle systolic pressure; sCHOL, serum cholesterol; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; ST2, suppression of tumorigenicity; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WBC, white blood cell count.
P < 0.05,
P < 0.01,
P < 0.001,
P < 0.0001 vs. survivors.