Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of heart failure cohort
| Overall cohort (n = 262) | At risk (n = 96) | HFpEF (n = 97) | HFrEF (n = 69) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vital statistics | |||||
| Age, years | 68 (61, 76) | 64 (59, 72)* | 72 (64, 80)** | 66 (59, 76) | <0.001 |
| Male | 150 (57%) | 50 (52%) | 52 (54%) | 48 (70%) | 0.05 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9 ± 5.3 | 29.9 ± 5.3 | 30.5 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 4.9 | 0.19 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 130 (118, 142) | 136 (120, 151)* ** | 128 (118, 142) | 128 (116, 134) | 0.002 |
| Heart rate, /min | 65 (60, 76) | 68 (60, 76) | 64 (60, 72) | 65 (60, 73) | 0.58 |
| Medical history | |||||
| HF duration, years | 3 (1.5, 5) | NA | 2.8 (1.5, 5) | 4 (2, 8) | 0.14 |
| New York Heart Association class | 1.9 ± 0.7 | NA | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 194 (74%) | 77 (80%)** | 75 (77%) | 42 (61%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 88 (33%) | 28 (29%) | 35 (36%) | 25 (36%) | 0.52 |
| Coronary artery disease | 88 (34%) | 20 (21%)* ** | 42 (43%) | 26 (38%) | 0.009 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 83 (32%) | 18 (19%)* ** | 38 (39%) | 27 (39%) | 0.003 |
| Current smoker | 25 (10%) | 10 (10%) | 10 (10%) | 5 (7%) | 0.75 |
| COPD | 34 (13%) | 5 (5%)* | 18 (19%) | 11 (16%) | 0.02 |
| Renal insufficiency | 31 (12%) | 1 (1%)* ** | 17 (18%) | 13 (19%) | <0.001 |
| ACEI or ARB use | 209 (80%) | 71 (74%) | 82 (85%) | 56 (81%) | 0.18 |
| Beta blocker use | 165 (63%) | 31 (32%)* ** | 75 (77%) | 59 (86%) | <0.001 |
| MRA use | 45 (17%) | 3 (3%)* ** | 14 (14%) | 28 (41%) | <0.001 |
| CV hospitalization/ED visit in last 30 days | 5 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 0.85 |
| Laboratory test | |||||
| Creatinine, umol/L | 89 (76, 108) | 81 (72, 92)* ** | 101 (80, 125)** | 90.0 (78, 109) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 203 (59, 746) | 59 (25, 152)* ** | 559 (186, 1263) | 364 (169, 1034) | <0.001 |
| MAGGIC score | 16 ± 7 | 13 ± 5* ** | 19 ± 7 | 17 ± 8 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; ED, emergency department; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; MAGGIC, Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure; MRA, mineralocorticoid antagonist; NA, not applicable; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide.
Continuous variables expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25–75th percentile) as appropriate. P value for comparison of three groups.
P < 0.05 compared with HFpEF.
P < 0.05 compared with HFrEF.
Note: NT‐proBNP and creatinine was missing for 31 (12%) and 26 (10%) participants respectively.