Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics (whole cohort and according to B‐line peak >10 or ≤10)
| HFpEF (N = 81, 100%) | B‐lines ≤10 (N = 42, 51.9%) | B‐lines >10 (N = 39, 48.1%) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 35 (43.2%) | 18 (42.9%) | 17 (43.6%) | 0.947 |
| Age (years), mean (±SD) | 65.0 ± 8.2 | 63.9 ± 8.5 | 66.2 ± 7.8 | 0.209 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (±SD) | 29.2 ± 3.6 | 29.5 ± 3.8 | 28.8 ± 3.4 | 0.388 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 81 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 39 (100%) | NA |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 28 (34.6%) | 20 (47.6%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 79 (97.5%) | 42 (100.0%) | 37 (94.9%) | 0.137 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 25 (30.9%) | 7 (16.7%) | 18 (46.2%) | 0.004 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 24 (29.6%) | 10 (23.8%) | 14 (35.9%) | 0.234 |
| COPD, n (%) | 3 (3.7%) | 2 (4.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.601 |
| Previous HHF, n (%) | 70 (86.4%) | 35 (83.3%) | 35 (89.7%) | 0.400 |
| Previous AF episode, n (%) | 14 (17.3%) | 5 (11.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.184 |
| NYHA class >1 | 19 (23.5%) | 11 (26.2%) | 8 (20.5%) | 0.547 |
| Therapy | ||||
| ACE‐i or ARB, n (%) | 76 (93.8%) | 41 (97.6%) | 35 (89.7%) | 0.141 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 81 (100.0%) | 42 (100.0%) | 39 (100.0%) | NA |
| Statin, n (%) | 77 (95.1%) | 38 (90.5%) | 39 (100.0%) | 0.048 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 70 (86.4%) | 36 (85.7%) | 34 (87.2%) | 0.847 |
| Nitrates, n (%) | 16 (19.8%) | 7 (16.7%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.469 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 14 (17.3%) | 4 (9.5%) | 10 (25.6%) | 0.055 |
| Physical examination—ECG | ||||
| Systolic BP, rest (mmHg), mean (±SD) | 125.2 ± 8.3 | 124.0 ± 8.3 | 126.5 ± 8.3 | 0.173 |
| Systolic BP, peak (mmHg), mean (±SD) | 147.0 ± 9.6 | 147.6 ± 10.7 | 146.3 ± 8.2 | 0.556 |
| Diastolic BP, rest (mmHg), mean (±SD) | 75.0 ± 7.1 | 74.7 ± 6.7 | 75.4 ± 7.5 | 0.695 |
| Diastolic BP, peak (mmHg), mean (±SD) | 79.3 ± 6.0 | 80.5 ± 6.1 | 78.1 ± 5.7 | 0.066 |
| Heart rate, rest (b.p.m.), mean (±SD) | 64.4 ± 8.5 | 65.2 ± 7.1 | 63.6 ± 9.9 | 0.417 |
| Heart rate, peak (b.p.m.), mean (±SD) | 104.0 ± 6.3 | 103.8 ± 5.0 | 104.0 ± 7.5 | 0.865 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL), mean (±SD) | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 15.4 | 0.079 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.652 |
| Clearance creatinine (mL/min/1.73), mean (±SD) | 79.0 ± 21.0 | 81.8 ± 20.6 | 75.0 ± 21.0 | 0.148 |
| BNP rest (pg/mL), mean (±SD) | 49.3 ± 41.7 | 29.3 ± 23.9 | 70.7 ± 47.1 | <0.0001 |
| BNP peak (pg/mL), mean (±SD) | 86.0 ± 62.4 | 50.8 ± 28.2 | 124.0 ± 67.1 | <0.0001 |
| BNP change (pg/mL), mean (±SD) | 36.8 ± 32.3 | 21.4 ± 15.8 | 53.2 ± 37.2 | <0.0001 |
| BNP change (%) | 123.2 ± 168.1 | 133.7 ± 208.5 | 111.8 ± 111.2 | 0.562 |
ACE‐i, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECG, electrocardiogram; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HHF, heart failure hospitalization; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SD, standard deviation.