Table 2.
Standard and strain echocardiographic measurements at rest (whole cohort and according to B‐line peak >10 or ≤10)
| HFpEF (N = 81, 100%) | B‐lines ≤10 (N = 42, 51.9%) | B‐lines >10 (N = 39, 48.1%) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diastolic interventricular septum (mm), mean (±SD) | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 13.2 ± 1.2 | 14.5 ± 1.7 | <0.0001 |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm), mean (±SD) | 11.6 ± 1.3 | 11.0 ± 1.1 | 12.2 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| LV diastolic diameter (mm), mean (±SD) | 50.1 ± 4.4 | 50.6 ± 3.8 | 49.6 ± 5.0 | 0.302 |
| Relative wall thickness, mean (±SD) | 0.47 ± .0.1 | 0.44 ± 0.1 | 0.50 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2), mean (±SD) | 133.0 ± 28.5 | 122.1 ± 19.9 | 144.8 ± 31.8 | <0.0001 |
| LV EDV (mL/m2), mean (±SD) | 44.0 ± 8.9 | 43.9 ± 9.5 | 44.2 ± 8.3 | 0.847 |
| LV ejection fraction (%), median (IQR) | 57.2 (53.0–62.7) | 54.6 (51.0–61.1) | 57.2 (54.0–63.3) | 0.208 |
| Left atrial volume index (mL/m2), mean (±SD) | 29.2 ± 7.8 | 27.2 ± 7.6 | 30.2 ± 7.1 | 0.013 |
| E‐wave (cm/s), mean (±SD) | 56.2 ± 13.9 | 57.5 ± 15.1 | 54.7 ± 12.4 | 0.367 |
| A‐wave (cm/s), mean (±SD) | 86.9 ± 18.8 | 86.0 ± 17.8 | 87.8 ± 19.9 | 0.670 |
| E/A, mean (±SD) | 0.68 ± 0.4 | 0.68 ± 0.2 | 0.69 ± 0.5 | 0.847 |
| Average e′, median (IQR) | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 2.4 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 0.009 |
| Average E/e′, median (IQR) | 7.8 ± 2.3 | 7.6 ± 2.5 | 8.0 ± 1.9 | 0.438 |
| TAPSE (mm), mean (±SD) | 22.2 ± 2.6 | 22.3 ± 2.4 | 22.0 ± 2.4 | 0.262 |
| s′ (cm/s), median (IQR) | 13.0 (12.0–16.0) | 13.5 (12.0–15.3) | 13.0 (12.0–18.0) | 0.687 |
| TR max velocity—rest (m/s), median (±IQR) | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 0.308 |
| GLS (%), mean (±SD) | −16.8 ± 1.1 | −17.2 ± 1.1 | −16.3 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| GSRs (1/s), median (IQR) | 0.82 (0.76–0.85) | 0.83 (0.80–0.85) | 0.81 (0.74–0.84) | 0.015 |
| GSRe (1/s), mean (±SD) | 0.94 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.1 | 0.91 ± 0.1 | 0.016 |
| GSRa (1/s), mean (±SD) | 0.69 ± 0.1 | 0.69 ± 0.1 | 0.69 ± 0.1 | 0.901 |
| GSRivr (1/s), mean (±SD) | 0.43 ± 0.1 | 0.45 ± 0.1 | 0.40 ± 0.1 | 0.002 |
| E‐wave/GSRe, mean (±SD) | 60.9 ± 17.6 | 60.0 ± 16.8 | 61.8 ± 18.5 | 0.662 |
| E‐wave/GSRivr, mean (±SD) | 137.6 ± 48.5 | 129.2 ± 36.1 | 146.6 ± 58.2 | 0.107 |
| Rest B‐lines, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 1.5 (0–3) | 3 (2–4) | <0.0001 |
EDV, end‐diastolic volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GSRa, global strain rate during late diastole; GSRe, global strain rate during early diastole; GSRivr, global strain rate during the isovolumic relaxation; GSRs, systolic global strain rate; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; IQR, inter‐quartile range; LV, left ventricular; SD, standard deviation; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.