Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Participants | Intervention and comparator | Cardiovascular magnetic resonance measurements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brown 2020 |
Normotensive adults 18–80 years with no clinical heart failure nor LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 45%) with Type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48–85 mmol/mol) and evidence of echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (LV mass indexed to BSA > 115 g/m2 [M] or >95 g/m2 [F], or LV mass indexed to height2.7 > 48 g/m2.7 [M] or >44 g/m2.7 [F]). (Randomized: N = 66) |
Dapagliflozin (10 mg) or matching placebo once daily for 12 months | Changes to LV mass (raw value and indexed to BSA, height, height1.7, and height2.7), LVEF, LVEDV (raw value), and LVESV (raw value), stroke volume, and left atrial area from baseline to 12 months |
| Lee 2021 |
Adults ≥18 with Type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 48–97 mmol/mol, diet‐controlled or stable therapy for 6 weeks prior) or prediabetes (HbA1c 39–47 mmol/mol) and HF (NYHA II‐IV) with LVEF ≤40% and stable medical therapy for 4 weeks prior. (Randomized: N = 105) |
Empagliflozin (10 mg) or matching placebo once daily for 36 weeks | Changes to LVESV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LV global longitudinal strain, LVEDV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LVEF, LV mass (raw value and indexed to BSA), LV global function index, LA volume (raw value and indexed to BSA), myocardial blood flow, and extracellular volume fraction from baseline to 36 weeks |
| Santos‐Gallego 2021 |
Adults with HF (NYHA II‐III) with LVEF <50% and stable HF symptoms as well as medical therapy for 3 months prior, with no history of diabetes. (Randomized: N = 84) |
Empagliflozin (10 mg) or matching placebo daily for 6 months | Changes to LVEDV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LVESV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LVEF, LV mass (raw value and indexed to BSA), and sphericity index from baseline to 6 months |
| Singh 2020 |
Adults 18–75 years with Type 2 diabetes and HF (NYHA I‐III) with LVEF <45% or subjective LV systolic dysfunction that was mild or worse along with stable HF symptoms, medical therapy, and no history of hospitalization for HF for ≥3 months prior. Patients were required to be on furosemide 80 mg daily (or less), or on an equivalent loop diuretic. (Randomized: N = 56) |
Dapagliflozin (10 mg) or matching placebo once daily for 1 year | Changes to LVESV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LVEDV (raw value and indexed to BSA), LV mass (indexed to BSA), LVEF, LA volume (indexed to BSA) and LV stroke volume from baseline to 1 year |
| Verma 2019 |
Adults 40–80 years with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.5–10%) and established cardiovascular disease (previous MI ≥ 6 months ago or coronary revascularization ≥2 months ago), with any background antihyperglycaemic therapy that had been stable ≥2 months without recent hospitalization for HF, severe HF symptoms (NYHA‐IV) nor LVEF <30%. (Randomized: N = 97) |
Empagliflozin (10 mg) once daily or matching placebo for 6 months | Changes to LV mass (raw value and indexed to BSA, height, height1.7, and height2.7), LVEF, LVEDV (raw value and indexed to BSA), and LVESV (raw value and indexed to BSA) from baseline to 6 months |
BSA, body surface area; M, male; F, female; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; NYHA, New York Heart Association.