TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 412) | Solitary liver tumor (n = 148) | Multifocal liver disease (n = 86) | Metastatic disease (n = 178) | Q | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | Age (years) at diagnosis, median (range) | 64 (19–89) | 66 (19–89) | 63 (29–78) | 61 (31–87) | 0.01 |
| Sex | 0.50 | |||||
| Female | 222/412 (54%) | 85/148 (57%) | 49/86 (57%) | 88/178 (49%) | ||
| Male | 190/412 (46%) | 63/148 (43%) | 37/86 (43%) | 90/178 (51%) | ||
| BMI, median (range) | 27.5 (17.6–59.8) | 27.7 (19.6–59.8) | 27.7 (17.6–54.7) | 27.1 (17.6–52.1) | 0.60 | |
| Diabetes | 84/411 (20%) | 35/147 (24%) | 18/86 (21%) | 31/178 (17%) | 0.50 | |
| Chronic hepatitis | 33/412 (8.0%) | 15/148(10%) | 4/86 (4.7%) | 14/178 (7.9%) | 0.50 | |
| Hepatitis B | 19/412 (4.6%) | 8/148 (5.4%) | 1/86 (1.2%) | 10/178 (5.6%) | 0.40 | |
| Hepatitis C | 16/412 (3.9%) | 7/148 (4.7%) | 3/86 (3.5%) | 6/178 (3.4%) | 0.80 | |
| Cirrhosis | 29/403* (7.2%) | 10/144 (6.9%) | 8/85 (9.4%) | 11/174 (6.3%) | 0.80 | |
| PSC | 6/412 (1.5%) | 2/148 (1.4%) | 2/86 (2.3%) | 2/178 (1.1%) | 0.80 | |
| Smoking | 0.30 | |||||
| Current smoker | 41/409 (10%) | 20/146 (14%) | 9/85 (11%) | 12/178 (50%) | ||
| Former smoker | 166/409 (41%) | 50/146 (34%) | 39/85 (46%) | 77/178 (6.7%) | ||
| Never smoked | 202/409 (49%) | 76/146 (52%) | 37/85 (44%) | 89/178 (43%) | ||
| HAIC | 65/412 (16%) | 10/148 (6.8%) | 32/86 (37%) | 23/178 (12%) | <0.001 | |
| Tumor grade | 0.02 | |||||
| Well differentiated | 15/392 (3.8%) | 8/144 (5.6%) | 4/81 (4.9%) | 3/167 (1.8%) | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 231/392 (59%) | 92/144 (64%) | 53/81 (65%) | 86/167 (51%) | ||
| Poorly differentiated | 146/392 (37%) | 44/144 (31%) | 24/81 (30%) | 78/167 (47%) | ||
| Treatment group | <0.001 | |||||
| Resected | 209/412 (51%) | 132/148 (89%) | 33/86 (38%) | 44/178 (25%) | ||
| Unresected | 203/412 (49%) | 16/148 (11%) | 53/86 (62%) | 134/178 (75%) | ||
| ECOG PS | 0.01 | |||||
| 0 | 168/390 (43%) | 75/139 (54%) | 33/82 (40%) | 60/169 (36%) | ||
| 1 | 208/390 (53%) | 60/139 (43%) | 49/82 (60%) | 99/169 (59%) | ||
| 2–3 | 14/390 (3.6%) | 4/139 (2.9%) | 0/82 (0%) | 10/169 (5.9%) | ||
| CA19–9 elevated (>40 U/mL) | 190/307 (62%) | 46/93 (49%) | 38/63 (60%) | 106/151 (70%) | 0.01 | |
| Resected patients only | Characteristic | Overall (N = 209) | Solitary liver tumor (n = 132) | Multifocal liver disease (n = 33) | Metastatic disease (n = 44) | Q |
| Systemic chemotherapy | 94/207 (45%) | 45/132 (34%) | 13/32 (41%) | 36/43 (84%) | <0.001 | |
| Neoadjuvant | 29/209 (14%) | 6/132 (4.5%) | 8/33 (24%) | 15/44 (34%) | <0.001 | |
| Adjuvant | 76/205 (37%) | 39/131 (30%) | 9/32 (28%) | 28/42 (67%) | <0.001 | |
| Pathological tumor size (cm), median (range) | 6.0 (1.1–24.0) | 5.6 (1.1–18.5) | 6.1 (2.0–15.0) | 7.2 (2.7–24.0) | 0.04 | |
| LVI | 108/208 (52%) | 58/131 (44%) | 16/33 (48%) | 34/44 (77%) | 0.002 | |
| Perineural invasion | 57/186 (31%) | 33/120 (28%) | 6/27 (22%) | 18/39 (46%) | 0.07 | |
| Positive margin status | 25/209 (12%) | 14/132 (11%) | 6/33 (18%) | 5/44 (11%) | 0.50 | |
| Liver steatosis | 67/199 (34%) | 51/127 (40%) | 9/32 (28%) | 7/40 (18%) | 0.04 | |
| Periductal infiltration | 23/163 (14%) | 13/107 (12%) | 3/23 (13%) | 7/33 (21%) | 0.50 | |
| BD type | 0.80 | |||||
| Small | 176/205 (86%) | 114/132 (86%) | 27/31 (87%) | 35/42 (83%) | ||
| Large | 23/205 (11%) | 13/132 (9.8%) | 4/31 (13%) | 6/42 (14%) | ||
| Indeterminate | 6/205 (2.9%) | 5/132 (3.9%) | 0/31 (0%) | 1/42 (2.4%) | ||
| Positive lymph node status | 42/209 (20%) | 0/132 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) | 42/44 (95%) | <0.001 |
All data are n (%) unless noted. Denominators < 412 (for entire cohort) and <209 (for resected cohort) in overall column reflect missing data. Bold indicates significance.
*
In a small subset of patients (n = 9), an adequate assessment of cirrhosis was not possible.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PS, performance status.