Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
Sample 1 |
Sample 2 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||
Age (in years) | Avg: | Avg: | |||
(Range S1 18–89; S2 18–79; S318–93) | 1007 | 44.18 | 995 | 46.06 | |
Sex | |||||
Female | 650 | 60.24 | 515 | 52.18 | |
Male | 429 | 39.76 | 472 | 47.82 | |
Education | |||||
Up to and including high school diploma/GED | 341 | 31.6 | 618 | 55.78 | |
Some post–high school, no bachelor's degree | 519 | 48.2 | 381 | 34.38 | |
Bachelor's degree | 82 | 7.6 | 90 | 8.12 | |
Graduate degree or post-bachelor's degree | 402 | 29.2 | 19 | 1.71 | |
Income | |||||
Under $19,999 | 118 | 10.9 | 431 | 38.41 | |
$20,000 to $29,999 | 108 | 10.0 | 208 | 18.54 | |
$30,000 to $49,999 | 259 | 21.7 | 304 | 28.88 | |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 398 | 36.9 | 159 | 14.17 | |
$100,000 and above | 197 | 18.2 | 10 | 0.89 | |
Race | |||||
Nonwhite | 173 | 16.02 | 364 | 36.58 | |
White | 907 | 83.98 | 631 | 63.42 | |
Ideology | |||||
Extremely liberal | 131 | 13.00 | 112 | 11.58 | |
Liberal | 201 | 19.94 | 145 | 14.99 | |
Somewhat liberal | 107 | 10.62 | 102 | 10.55 | |
Moderate | 183 | 18.15 | 323 | 33.40 | |
Somewhat conservative | 137 | 13.59 | 94 | 9.72 | |
Conservative | 166 | 16.47 | 118 | 12.20 | |
Extremely conservative | 83 | 8.23 | 73 | 7.55 | |
Party Identification | |||||
Republican (and leaners) | 387 | 39.33 | 310 | 35.59 | |
Independents | 80 | 8.13 | 113 | 12.97 | |
Democrats (and leaners) | 517 | 52.54 | 448 | 51.44 | |
COVID-19 CT Belief | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1013 | 0.26 (0.20) | 911 | 0.32 (0.21) | |
Conspiratorial Thinking | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1007 | 0.48 (0.28) | 909 | 0.52 (0.25) | |
Anti-intellectualism | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 542 | 0.28 (0.20) | 487 | 0.31 (0.22) | |
Learned Helplessness | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1010 | 0.33 (0.22) | 917 | 0.36 (0.22) | |
External Efficacy | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1009 | 0.36 (0.22) | 910 | 0.40 (0.24) | |
Internal Efficacy | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1009 | 0.35 (0.21) | 910 | 0.39 (0.22) | |
Political Interest | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1010 | 0.69 (0.22) | 908 | 0.63 (0.24) | |
Democratic Satisfaction | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1004 | 0.52 (0.20) | 915 | 0.52 (0.21) | |
Trust | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1009 | 0.43 (0.17) | 909 | 0.42 (0.18) | |
Political Knowledge | |||||
T1 mean (std. dev) | 1005 | 0.81 (0.23) | 916 | 0.70 (0.27) |
Note: Sample 1: MTurk; Sample 2: Forthright.