Table 4.

Pre-post differences (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) in digital health literacy (n=87)^a.

Digital health literacy skills	Italy (n=29)b, mean (SD)				Spain (n=24), mean (SD)				Sweden (n=34), mean (SD)
	Pre	Post	z (P value)	Pre		Post	z (P value)	Pre		Post	z (P value)
Finding	2.21 (0.75)	2.48 (0.93)	–1.09 (.28)	2.01 (0.86)		2.47 (0.44)	–2.24 (.03)	2.20 (0.88)		2.90 (0.76)	–3.10 (.002)
Understanding	2.07 (0.75)	2.65 (0.57)	–3.09 (.002)	2.14 (0.95)		2.44 (0.59)	–1.22 (.22)	2.45 (1.07)		3.20 (0.58)	–3.23 (.001)
Appraising	2.16 (0.69)	2.46 (0.55)	–2.24 (.03)	1.93 (1.02)		2.38 (0.54)	–2.03 (.04)	2.56 (0.95)		3.29 (0.62)	–3.23 (.001)

^aHigher score is better (range 0-4); 10 Italian, 18 Spanish, and 10 Swedish participants were excluded due to the absence of baseline (Spain and Sweden) or postassessment (Italy) data.

^bAdolescents.